BIOD 152 module 1 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
Question 1
2.5 / 2.5 pts
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. Your
... [Show More] Answer:
The nerves
Nerve
Question 2
2.5 / 2.5 pts
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. Your Answer:
Parasympathetic
Parasympathetic
Question 3
2.5 / 2.5 pts
The dorsal root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? Your Answer:
The axons of sensory neurons
Sensory (Afferent)
Question 4
2.5 / 2.5 pts
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses towards the cell body.
Your Answer: Dendrites Dendrites
Question 5
2 / 2 pts
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the:
A. Peripheral nervous system
B. Somatic system
C. Autonomic system
D Correct!
D. Central nervous system
E. A&C
F. B&D
Question 6
2 / 2 pts
The neuron pictured, below, is best described as:
Bipolar
Correct! Multipolar Multipolar Unipolar Pseudounipolar
Question 7
2 / 2 pts
True or false: Neurons come into direct physical contact with one another.
True
Correct! False
False
Neurons do not physically touch. They are separated by synapses.
Question 8
4 / 4 pts
Describe the function and release of neurotransmitters. Your Answer:
Neuortransmitter: are chemical found in the axon terminal, they are released by the axon terminal carrying with the transmission from one neuron to another one.
Correct answer
• Neurotransmitters are chemicals stored inside secretory vesicles (axon terminal vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals.
• When neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another.
Question 9
0 / 2 pts
An efferent neuron carries information:
*** From the central to the peripheral nervous system ******
From the peripheral to the central nervous system Within the central nervous system
Within the peripheral nervous system
Question 10
2 / 2 pts
A postsynaptic neuron would be found:
Before the synapse
After the synapse
Inside the synapse
Only in the central nervous system
Question 11
3 / 3 pts
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? Your Answer:
It is found in the Central Nervous system. Lead the axon and help as support of the the synaptic and help to control the blood flow in the brain.
• Location: Central nervous system (CNS)
• Function: Regulation of chemical environment inside CNS, forming a physical barrier (blood-brain-barrier) by wrapping around blood capillaries
•
Question 12
3 / 3 pts
A patient’s spinal cord was severed in a car accident. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their spinal cord? Why or why not?
Your Answer:
No they wont, because the spinal cord is located in the central nervous system. Just the peripheral system axons are the only able to regrow.
• No; Only peripheral system axons are capable of regeneration. The spinal cord is in the central nervous system.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 4 of the diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase.
Your Answer:
Afterpolarization: here the potassium doors are decreseasing the closure therefore there is an undershoot of the potential. As a result the polarity fall below -70mV then goes back to -70mV once at resting state starts.
• Afterpolarization (Hyperpolarization) Potassium gates are slow to close and there is an undershoot of the potential.
• The charge drops below -70mV and then returns to
-70mV once at resting state again.
Question 14
3 / 3 pts
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:
-70 mV. Correct
(polarized)
+40 mV
Hyperpolarized Depolarized
Question 15
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
. It maintains the resting phase of an axon.
. For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are pumped in.
. It must remain in constant operation to maintain the resting state. Correct . The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
(False, the effect of the pump is a negative charge inside the membrane,
positive on the outside.)
Question 16
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of extreme pain. This means that the strength of the action potential is greater than usual. Explain your reasoning.
Your Answer:
False
There is no variation in the strength of action potentials. (It is an all-or-nothing response). There is variation in the number and frequency of neurons firing.
Question 17
Which of the following statements is true concerning the neuromuscular junction?
The NMJ terminates on neurons within the brain and spinal cord.
The NMJ terminates on a muscle fiber.
The NMJ terminates on a presynaptic motor neuron. The NMJ does not have a synapse.
Question 18
2.5 / 2.5 pts
How is a message sent from one neuron to another?
There is about 1 minute fluid filled space named synapse within the terminal axon and the sending neurons. When the impulsed nervous get to the end of the terminal axon the neurotransmitter are deposited inside the synapse. Those one attached to the receivers of the following neurons. Here the Sodium opens which create Depolarization.
There is a minute fluid-filled space, called a synapse, between the axon terminal of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. These bind with a receptor on the next neuron, opening Na+ gates in the receiving dendrite which causes depolarization and the impulse is carried.
Question 19
What neurotransmitter is found at the neuromuscular junctions? Your Answer:
ACh
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Question 20
True or False: Action potentials travel in one direction within the same neuron.
(only one direction in the same neuron)
False
Question 21
True or False: Reflexes occur only with conscious intervention from the brain.
True
False
Question 22
0 / 3 pts
Fill in the blank: In a reflex, the
neuron conducts
nerve impulses along a pathway to create a response. Your Answer:
sensory SA
Correct ANSWER
motor (efferent)
Question 23
4 / 4 pts
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses.
Your Answer:
Integration center
Integration center
Question 24
3 / 3 pts
Which of the following statements is true about reflexes?
Reflexes only involve the brainstem or higher levels of processing.
Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex. Reflexes cannot be tested because they are internal.
Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary.
Question 25
3 / 3 pts
What is false about the stretch reflex?
The effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle.
The patellar reflex tests the stretch reflex of the quadriceps femoris. The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle.
Stretch reflexes help to decrease the stretch on a muscle.
Question 26
4 / 4 pts
What is false about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
A. It does not involve interneurons.
B. It involves excitatory interneurons.
C. It involves inhibitory interneurons.
D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles
E. A&D
F. B&C
Question 27
7 / 10 pts
Answer the following essay questions:
You touch a hot pan when cooking. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex that occurs. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex.
Your Answer:
The sensory neuron detects the touch, then it sends signal through the ganglion in then the sensory neuron synapses in the gray matter in the spinal cord in to the motor neuron. Then the motor neuron sends signal to the ventral root and synapses back.
CORRECT ANSWER
Flexor withdrawal reflex:
• Pain receptor in skin
• Sensory (afferent) neuron through DRG
• Interneurons in spinal cord:
• (1) Excitatory to biceps
• (2) Inhibitory to triceps
• Motor neurons: Contract biceps, inhibit triceps
• Action: Elbow flexion pulls hand away from flame.
Question 28
0 / 10 pts
Answer the following essay questions:
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur.
CORRECT Answer:
The nervous system interacts with the muscular system at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine must be released from the presynaptic motor neuron into the synapse to bind onto the muscle fiber, eventually causing a muscle contraction. Without the release of acetylcholine, there will be no interaction between the nervous system and the muscular system and therefore no muscle contraction. [Show Less]