BIOD 151 A&P1 Final Exam (100 out of 100) Questions and Answers (Latest Update) Portage LearningList two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.-
... [Show More] Intestines, Spleen, liver, stomach.
List two organs contained in the Pelvic cavity.- Blader, rectum
Air and food pass in which one of the following areas: Oropharynx
From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles.
When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) occurs? Wrist extension & Extension of digit 2-5
When flexor digitorum profundus contracts, what aoccurs? Wrist Flexion & Flexion of digit 2-5
I am secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin
I am secreted by the to stimulate the adrenal cortex. ACTH
I lower the level of calcium in the blood by depositing calcium into bone. Calcitonin
I promote the reabsorption of water at the collecting ducts of the kidneys. ADH
The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) ATP not ADP Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F)
Exocytosis is the proc that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. F Endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell,
binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell
proteins. T
Endocytosis is a passive process. Does not req cellular energy expendi.-F Endocytosis is an active and requires cellular energy.
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) integral proteins span the entire length of membrane
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F) Exocytosis
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) This process is called receptor-mediated endocytosis or information transfer)
Explain in detail why the thyroid becomes enlarged during an iodine deficiency?During an iodine deficiency, the thyroid gland undergoes a process called goiter formation. The low levels of thyroid hormones due to insufficient iodine trigger an increase in the release of thyroid-stimulating TSH by the pituitary gland. This heightened TSH stimulation prompts the thyroid gland to grow and enlarge in an attempt to compensate for the iodine deficiency and produce more hormones
In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is
impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system. It's caused by a problem with a specific organelle called the lysosome. The lysosomes can't break down certain fatty substances, leading to their buildup in the brain and nerve cells. This damage leads to symptoms like muscle weakness and death.
You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of
eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one
would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or
smaller cell? Explain why.Larger cells rely on internal organelles for metabolism and energy, which impact their respiration rate. Therefore, based on appearance, it is the smaller cell that would be carrying out respiration at a more active rate compared to the larger cell. The reason for this is related to surface area-to-volume ratio.
Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why?During swallowing, the soft palate moves upward and backward to close off the nasal cavity. This helps prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal passages.
Explain what happens to the during swallowing. WhyWhen we
swallow, the epiglottis acts like a trapdoor, covering the trachea to keep food and liquids out of our lungs
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might
develop gastric/stomach ulcers.If someone has hypergastrinemia, it means they have excessive secretion of gastrin which leads to stomach ulcers and causes stomach acid. This leads to an imbalance in the stomach acid levels.
The increased acidity can damage the protective lining of the stomach, leading to the formation of ulcers.
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes.Parietal cells and chief cells are two types of cells found in the lining of the stomach. Parietal cells are mainly located in the gastric glands of the stomach lining. They secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and have a PH of 1.3 – 3.5 The hydrochloric acid helps in the digestion of food by breaking down proteins and killing bacteria that might be present in the food.
Chief cells, on the other hand, secrete an enzyme called pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is an inactive form of pepsin, which is a digestive enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller peptides. When pepsinogen comes into contact with the acidic environment of the stomach, it gets activated and converts into pepsin.
A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, describe this
diagnosis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer.
(1) Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle. It happens when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, the bones become more prone to fractures or breaks.
(2) , the type of bone cell that the patient would be lacking is osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are responsible for building and forming new bone tissue. They play a crucial role in the process of bone remodeling, where old bone is broken down by other cells and replaced with new bone. Such a decrease in osteoblast function can lead to a decrease in bone density and the development of osteoporosis.
Would you expect a male to have estrogen in their bloodstream? Explain why or whynot
Yes, it is normal for males to have some level of estrogen in their bloodstream. Estrogen is commonly associated with females, both males and females produce estrogen. In males, the testes produce a small amount of estrogen, which is important for various bodily functions. However, the levels of estrogen in males are typically lower compared to females.
Testosterone is the primary sex hormone in males.
Aldosterone is involved in the regulation of sodium and potassium in the body. Explain
how too much aldosterone could contribute to high blood pressure. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate the balance of sodium and potassium in the body. When there is too much aldosterone in the bloodstream, it leads to excessive reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys. This causes more water to be retained in the
body, which increases the volume of blood circulating through the blood vessels and results in high blood pressure. The excessive reabsorption of sodium can also lead to an imbalance in the sodium-potassium ratio, which further contributes to high blood pressure.
Explain why a patient with foods?
disease would have intolerance to fatty
A patient with liver disease might have trouble digesting fatty foods. The liver produces bile which helps break down fats during digestion. However, in liver disease, the liver may not be able to produce enough bile or process fats properly.As a result, when a person with liver disease consumes fatty foods, their body may struggle to break down and absorb those fats effectively.
Merkel Cell
Sensory information detected – they are sensory receptors that are found on the skin outermost layer in areas like lips, fingertips and touch-sensitive regions like (mechanoreceptors)
Meissner’s Corpuscles
Sensory information detected – Detects light touch and low- frequency vibration (Mechanoreceptor)
Pacinian Corpuscles
Sensory information detected – Detects deep pressure and high frequency vibrations
Keratinocytes- Produces a pro to protect the skin Fibroblast- Produce Collagen
Melanocytes- Prod a pigment that absorb UV rays Langerhans Cells- Assist immune response
-Sebaceous gland(oil gland) and produces sebum (oil) to protect the skin and hair from drying out.
-sweat gland((sudoriferous glands) which produces sweat to most of the body and helps regulate the body's temperature. [Show Less]