positive energy balance - correct answer more calories consumed than expended
negative energy balance - correct answer fewer calories consumed than
... [Show More] expended
hyperplasia - correct answer increase in number of cells (e.g., fat cells in childhood, pregnancy)
hypertrophy - correct answer increase in cell size (low growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood)
basal metabolic rate - correct answer the number of calories used by the body while in a fasting state
accounts for approximately 60-70% of energy expenditure
males 1kcal/kg/hr, femals 0.9kcal/kg/hr
BMR Effectors - correct answer gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age, nervous system activity, levels of caffeine intake, and tobacco use
age and BMR - correct answer declines by 1-2% per decade
Thermic effect of food (TEF) - correct answer energy used for digestion and absorption of food and accounts for approximately 10% of the calories expended
Thermogenesis - correct answer ability to regulate body temperature and activities such as fidgeting, maintaining body posture, and shivering
small expenditure
brown fat - correct answer found in infants below the collar bone
metabolizes the energy yielding nutrients, which results in heat production to be used by the body
more brown fat in lean adults
physical activity - correct answer 15-40% of energy expenditure
direct calorimetry - correct answer measures the amount of heat given off by the body
insulated chamber surrounded by a thin layer of water is used to measure the amount of heat emitted by the subject in the chamber
indirect calorimetry - correct answer uses oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output, along with scientific formulas, to measure energy expended
Male BMR formula - correct answer 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8 x age)
Female BMR formula - correct answer 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age)
Physical activity estimate - correct answer 1.2 = little to no exercise
1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week
1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week
1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week
1.9 = hard daily exercise/job
Male EER - correct answer 662 - (9.53 x AGE) + PA x (15.91 x WT + 539.6 x HT)
Female EER - correct answer 354 - (6.91 x AGE) + PA x (9.36 x WT + 726 x HT)
height-to-weight tables - correct answer used in an attempt to link longevity to a person's weight as based on their height
used for the general population but did not take into account individual differences [Show Less]