BIOD 121 MODULE 2 EXAM WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
lifestyle recommendations - 1. Maintain a healthy weight.
2. Eat a diet high in fruits and
... [Show More] vegetables.
3. Increase intake of whole grains and high fiber foods.
4. Limit foods and drinks with added sugars.
5. Prepare foods with little or no salt.
6. If you consume alcohol, do so in moderation.
Carb diseases - Obesity, type 2 diabetes, cavities, metabolic syndrome
Fat diseases - Heart disease, metabolic syndrome, certain cancers
protein digestion - 1. cooking
2. pepsin (in stomach)
3. cholecystokinin -CCK (small intestine) - travels to pancreas, releases
trypsin back to SI
4. trypsin - breaks peptide chains
5. amino acids absorbed through portal vein to liver
digestion - transforming food into basic nutrients that can be absorbed and
used by the body
sensory stimuli before digestion - cognition
sound
odor
appearance
taste
peristalsis - Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving
along in one direction through the digestive system.
digestive enzymes - catalyze the chemical reactions required to break down
food particles into smaller parts, which prepares the nutrients for
absorption
mucosa - intestinal wall, innermost layer
circular and longitudinal muscles - mix and move food along the GI tract
passive diffusion - substances move without energy
high to low concentration
facilitated diffusion - special protein carrier is required to help substances
cross in or out of the cell
high to low concentration
active transport - requires energy
low to high concentration
GI tract 6 main parts - 1 - mouth
2 - esophagus
3 - stomach
4 - small intestine
5 - large intestine
6 - rectum
GI tract accessory organs - salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
mouth - alter food particles for swallowing
mechanical and chemical digestion
saliva - mucus plus digestive enzymes
mucus - lubricates food particles for swallowing
salivary amylase - Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch
lingual lipase - a fat-splitting enzyme secreted by cells at the base of the
tongue [Show Less]