BIOD 121 MODULE 1- 6 EXAM TEST BANK WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
NUTRITION
What is the difference between food and nutrients? - Food provides energy
in
... [Show More] terms of calories, while nutrients are substances found in food that
provide the materials for building and maintaining our bodies and regulating
of key metabolic processes that sustain life.
What two motives drive people to eat certain foods? (it isn't nutritional
value) - taste and texture
Nutrients - substances in food
What is nutrition? - Nutrition by definition is the science that links foods to
health and disease.
When is nutrition important? - from conception to death
When considering one's health, five dimensions can be evaluated: physical
health, intellectual health, emotional health, social health, and spiritual
health. - physical health - body's ability to perform daily functions for
survival
intellectual health - the cognitive ability to learn and adapt
emotional health - the ability to express or suppress emotion
social health - ability to interact with others
spiritual health - purpose for human existence, cultural practices
Why do we get hungry? - 1) hunger 2) appetite
hunger - internal drive often experienced as a negative sensation such as
churning, growling, or a painful sensation in the stomach
appetite - external drive often related to pleasant sensations associated
with food and can lead us to eat even if we are not hungry
satiety - the feeling of being full
hypothalamus - a region of the brain that plays a role in hunger as well the
feeling of being full
gastrointestinal tract (GI) - the main site in the body used for digestion and
absorption of nutrients
stomach - plays a major role in satiety and weight regulation (expands as it
starts to fill with food adding to the feeling of satiety)
hormones - compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell
that acts to control the function of another type of cell.
Hormones that increase hunger - ghrelin, endorphins, neuropeptide-Y
Hormones that decrease hunger (cause satiety) - leptin, serotonin,
cholecystokinin (CCK)
Leptin - alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the
satiety center when consuming a meal
- produced in adipose cells (fat cells)
Ghrelin - is produced by the stomach and has an opposing role: Traveling to
the brain, it stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety
center
appetite is defined as - psychological external influences that encourage us
to find food and consume it [Show Less]