1. what is transport, give ex- amples?
2. What is a catalysis and what are two examples?
3. what is structure and give an example?
4. what is
... [Show More] motion, provide some examples?
movement of materials in an organism
-hemoglobin
-myoglobin
-lactose permease
speed up reaction rate
-DNA and RNA polymerase
holds something together in the body
-collagen
-keratin
allow for muscle movement and contraction myosin (THICK)
actin (THIN)
5. what is luciferin? enzyme agent
6. what are red blood cells? transport agent
7. what is keratin? structure agent
8. what are the components of amino acids?
9. explain how light is pro- duced by a firefly..
10. what is the general struc- ture of an amino acid?
11. how is the structure of proline different from other amino acids?
12. all amino acids are chiral ex- cept for which one?
carboxyl group, amino group, R group
ATP as energy luciferase as enzyme
and magnesium as cofactor
amino group, R group, carboxyl group
carboxyl, R group and NH group
-it is a cyclic amino acid Glycine
13. 13.
what are the five basic groups of amino acids?
14. what is the smallest amino acid?
15. what is the largest amino acid?
16. what are some examples of nonpolar, aliphatic R groups?
17. what are some examples of nonpolar, aromatic R groups?
18. what are some examples of polar, uncharged R groups?
19. what do aromatic R groups and aliphatic R groups have in common?
20. what do uncharged, posi- tively charged and negative- ly charged R groups have in common?
21. what are some examples of positively charged R groups?
22. what are some examples of negatively charged R groups?
-nonpolar, aliphatic (7)
-nonpolar, aromatic (3)
-polar, uncharged (5)
-polar, positively charged (3)
-polar, negatively charged (2) Glycine
Tryptophan
glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and methionine (GAP VILM)
phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan (PTT)
serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, gluta- mine (CATS G)
they are both nonpolar and hydrophobic
they are polar, soluble in water
lysine, arginine, and histidine (LAH)
aspartate and glutamate (AG)
23. what is the difference in
cysteine reduced and oxi- dized reduced- hydrogen bonds with sulfur
oxidized- no hydrogen bonds with sulfur
24. what are ampholytes? A compound that has both acidic and basic
groups
25. what is the average mole- 138 da
cular weight of an amino
acids?
26. how to name a peptide... start from the amino terminus to carboxyl-ter-
minus
27. what is PI value? how do isoelectric point
you find it? pI=pKa1+pKa2 / 2
28. what are peptides? small condensation products of amino acids
29. what is lost during the for- water
mation of peptides?
30. For longer peptides (like SGYAL (Ser-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Leu)
proteins) the one letter code
can be used:
31. explain precipitation with saturated ammonium sulfate starts with pH
ammonium sulfate.... adjusting buffer and is mixed,
the most ammonium sulfate concentration the
more visible the protein precipitate
32. explain dialysis... selectively permeable membrane, and large
enzyme molecules cannot pass through,
therefore, the small molecules can equilibrate
across the membrane
33. what does SDS page do? gives all proteins negative charge and then
separates based off of size
34. small
what size of proteins move faster in an SDS-page?
35. explain metal binding of pu- rification of his-tagged pro- tein...
36. explain purification of GST-tagged protein...
37. what is the structure of the enzyme chymotrypsin?
38. what are the functions of peptides?
cell lysis releases protein, incubate with agarose beads, wash with salt solution,
elute using imidazole competitor, and put into SDS-PAGE gel
glutathione binds with glutathione S- trans- ferase and elution occurs with another glu- tathione molecule and glutathione and glu- tathione S-transferase leave together
a globular protein
-hormones and pheromones
-neuropeptides
-antibiotics
-protection
39. what are polypeptides? covalently linked amino acids
40. example of hormone... insulin
41. example of neuropeptides.. substance P (pain mediator)
42. example of antibiotics... polymyxin B (for Gram - bacteria),
bacitracin (for Gram + bacteria)
43. example of protection (tox- ins)...
amanitin (mushrooms), chlorotoxin (scorpions)
44. are proteins polypeptides? yes
45. what characteristics do polypeptides have?
-cofactors
-coenzymes
-prosthetic groups
-other modifications
46. protein and peptide three-dimensional struc- ture...
47. what is a protein and pep- tides composition?
48. what is a peptides composi- tion? [Show Less]