BIOCHEMISTRY A SHORT COURSE 3RD EDITION TEST BANK BY TYMOCZKO QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST 2023
Chapter 1 Biochemistry and the Unity of
... [Show More] Life
Matching Questions
Use the following to answer questions 1–10:
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) uracil
b) cytoplasm
c) protein
d) thymine
e) carbohydrate
f) sugar–phosphate units
g) cell wall
h) transcription
i) glycogen
j) lipid
k) central dogma
l) phagocytosis
m) endoplasmic reticulum
n) translation
o) prokaryotes
p) eukaryotes
q) lysosome
1. DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
.
2. : Unbranched polymer that, when folded into its three- dimensional shape, performs much of the work of the cell.
3. : Scheme that describes the flow of information from one strand of DNA to a new strand of DNA.
4. : Process where large amounts of material are taken into the cell.
5. The transfer of information from DNA to RNA is called
.
6. are cells that are composed of multiple specialized compartments.
7. : Class of biological macromolecules with many functions, such as forming barriers between cell organelles, serving as a metabolic fuel, and cell-to-cell signaling.
8. : Highly organized region of the cell where glycolytic metabolism occurs.
9. : Responsible for protein processing and xenobiotic metabolism.
10. . : Filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
11. Organisms are known to be highly uniform at the level. Ans: molecular Section: Introduction
12. After hydrogen and oxygen, the next most common element in living systems is .
13. A chemical that can dissolve in water is said to be .
14. A nucleotide consists of one or more groups, a 5-carbon ribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring group.
15. The most common carbohydrate fuel is .
16. Heritable information is packaged into discrete units called .
17. A group of enzymes called catalyze replication.
18. Although all cells in an organism have the same DNA, tissues differ due to selective .
19. The basic unit of life is considered the .
20. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release material outside of the cell via .
Multiple-Choice Questions
21. The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick included:
A) a double helix.
B) the sugar–phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix.
C) the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.
ed of a polymer s?
E) None of the above.
23. What gives proteins such a dominant role in biochemistry?
A) the variation in protein sizes
B) the ability to act as a blueprint
C) their ability to self-replicate
D) their ability to spontaneously fold into complex three-dimensional structures
E) All of the above.
24. Proteins are chiefly composed of which of the following?
A) carbohydrate and amino acids
B) long unbranched amino acid polymers
C) peptide bonds formed between lipid moieties
D) aggregated amino acids
E) A and B
Section 1.3
25. How a protein folds is determined by:
A) whether the environment is hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
B) the location in the cell in which the protein is located.
C) the pH of the cytoplasm.
D) the order of the amino acids found in the sequence.
E) All of the above.
26. The half-life of which of the following is likely to be shortest?
A) protein
B) lipid
C) carbohydrate
D) DNA
E) RNA
27. The central dogma describes:
A) the formation of cells from individual components.
B) the selective expression of genes.
C) the flow of information between DNA, RNA, and protein.
D) the work of polymerases on RNA and DNA.
E) All of the above.
28. Translation takes place on/in the:
A) ribosomes.
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) nucleus.
D) DNA polymerases.
E) DNA parent strand.
29. Which of the following organelles has a double membrane?
A) nucleus
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondria
D) plasma membrane
E) A and C
F) All of the above.
30. The main function of the plasma membrane is to:
A) provide the interior of the cell an enclosed environment that no molecules may cross.
B) provide a selectively permeable barrier with the aid of transport proteins.
C) give eukaryote and prokaryote cells structural strength.
D) allow only the free passage of water in and out of the cell.
E) None of the above.
31. Filaments and microtubules are components of a network called the:
A) chloroplast.
B) cytoplasm.
C) cytoskeleton.
D) cell wall.
E) B and D.
32. Poisons that kill an organism as a result of a loss of high-energy ATP molecules are most likely to target which organelle?
A) mitochondria
B) cytoskeleton
C) cytoplasm
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) nucleus
33. A secreted protein would be processed through organelles in the following order:
A) nucleus; secretory vesicle; Golgi complex.
B) cytoplasm; Golgi complex; cytosol; secretory vesicle.
C) endoplasmic reticulum; cytoplasmic reticulum; Golgi complex.
D) nucleus; cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi complex; secretory vesicle.
E) None of the above.
34. Extracellular material is taken into the cell via which process?
A) exocytosis
B) phagocytosis [Show Less]