1. Define anatomy and physiology.
Human Anatomy: It is the scientific study of the body’s structures. It comes from the Greek word “ana”
which
... [Show More] means “to cut apart” and “tomia” which means “to cut.”
Physiology: It is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body. Also, the
ways in which they work together to support the functions of life. The study of physiology centers on the
body’s tendency towards Homeostasis.
2. Describe macroscopic andmicroscopic anatomy.
Macroscopic (Gross) Anatomy: Is the study of larger structures in the body, those visible without
magnification.
Microscopic Anatomy: Is the study of structuresthat can be observed only with the use of a microscope
or other magnification device. This also includes Cytology, the study of cells and Histology, the study of
tissues.
3. Explain the relationship between structure and function.
Structure: Anatomy is about structure
Function: Physiology is about function.
The study of anatomy and physiology makes more sense, if you continually relate the form of the
structures you are studying to their function.
4. Describe various types of cells in the human body and explain the basic principles of the cell
theory.
Cell Theory: All biological organisms are composed of cells; cells are the unit of life and all life come
from preexisting life. This is a unifying principle of biology.
Scientists group cellsinto mostly two categories. These categories are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells.
The Prokaryotic Cell: Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other internal
membrane-bound structures. They have a single chromosome: a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA
located in an area of the cell called the nucleoid.
The Eukaryotic Cell: Are cells that contain organelles and a nucleus and are enclosed by a plasma
membrane. Organisms that have eukaryotic cellsinclude, fungi, protozoa, animals, and plants. [Show Less]