The male uretha is much longer than the female urethra measuring about 15-20 cm long. In the males, the urethra carries urine as well as semen. In
... [Show More] contrast, the female urethra is only about 4cm long.
3. Describe the two layers of the kidneys.
The two layers of the kidneys are the cortex and the medulla. The cortex is the outer region of the kidney. It contains about a million blood filtering nephrons. The inner layer is the medulla. It contains 8-12 renal pyramids that empty into the calyx.
Experiment 1: Kidney Filtration
Table 1: Solutions Present in Each Container Before 60 Minutes Submersion
Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker
Congo Red yes no
Yellow Food Coloring yes no
Table 2: Solutions Present in Each Container After 60 Minutes Submersion
Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker
Congo Red yes no
Yellow Food Coloring no yes
Post-Lab Questions
1.What specific part of the kidney does the dialysis tubing represent? What is this part’s
function?
The dialysis tubing is a representation of the filtration of the kidneys through the ureter.
2.What does the yellow food coloring represent at the end of the experiment? What does the Congo Red represent?
The yellow food coloring represents the urine being filtered out by the nephrons. The red food coloring is used to mimick the blood
3.Why is it important that the kidney filters the blood?
It is important that the kidneys filter thr blood in order to remove wastes and toxins. Doing this prevents the buildup of wastes in the body so the body can maintain healthiness.
Experiment 2: Urinalysis
Test Normal Abnormal
pH
4.5 - 7.5
Acidic Urine (below 4.5) - Diabetes, starvation, dehydration, respiratory acidosis.
Alkaline Urine (above 7.5) - Kidney disease, kidney failure, urinary tract infection, respiratory alkalosis.
Glucose None Glucose present (red or green color after test); diabetes mellitus.
Protein None Protein present (violet color after test); kidney disease.
Yeast
None Yeast present (bubbles form after test); yeast infection in urinary tract.
Ketones
Little or None Large amount of ketones present (sweet smell of urine); starvation, prolonged vomiting, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and other metabolic disorders.
Table 4: Simulated Urine pH Test
Simulated Urine Sample pH
A 8
B 4
C 8
Simulated Urine Sample pH
D 6
Table 5: Simulated Urine Glucose Test
Simulated Urine Sample Color Before Hot Water Bath Color After Hot Water Bath
A blue blue
B bule red
C blue Yellow
D blue blue
Simulated Urine Sample Color Before Biuret Solution Color After Biuret Solution
A clear purple
B clear blue
C clear Purple
D yellow blue
Simulated Urine Sample Bubbles Before Hydrogen Peroxide? Bubbles After Hydrogen Peroxide?
A no no
B no no
C no no
D no no
Table 8: Simulated Urine Ketone Test
Simulated Urine Sample Odor Observation
A none
B none
C none
D none
Table 9: Sample A
Test Test Results
pH 8
Glucose negative
Protein positive
Yeast negative
Ketones negative [Show Less]