1. What are homologous pairs?
a. A pair of chromosomes of the same length that possess genes of the same
characteristics at corresponding loci. One
... [Show More] homologous chromosome is inherited from
the organism’s father, the other from the mother.
2. Homologous pairs of chromosomes BEGIN to move apart during what phase of MEIOSIS?
a. Anaphase I
3. Sister chromatids BEGIN to separate during what state of MEIOSIS?
a. Anaphase II
4. List the four (4) scientists that contributed to the discovery of DNA structure and briefly state
each scientist contribution in the discovery
a. Watson and Crick (built model of DNA); Frankline (x-ray crystallography); Chargaff (basepair rule)
5. List the three (3) differences between DNA and RNA. Differences can be at the nucleotide or
molecular level. Be specific.
a. DNA has deoxyribose sugar, RNA hasribose sugar; DNA hasthymine, RNA has uracil
instead of thymine; DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded; DNA is in the
nucleus, RNA is in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm.
6. List the three (3) BASIC steps in DNA replication
a. DNA unzips; nucleotides pair (A-T; C-G);sugar and phosphate backbone forms.
7. List your "favorite" human disorder. State whether it is dominant or recessive. If the parents are
carriers, what is the chance their kids will inherit the disorder?
a. Answers vary, must be graded individually.
8. Describe the work Mendel did with flower color (purple and white) to explain how
traits are inherited from parent to offspring.
Make sure to discuss (a) the crosses Mendel performed; (1 point) (b) the results he
obtained (2 points) ; and (c) the conclusions he drew (2 points).
a. Mendel crossed true breeding blue flowers (BB) with true breeding white flowers
(bb)
b. For the F1 all flowers were blue. All had the genotype Bb.
For the F2, ¾ of the plants were blue and ¼ were white. The genotypes of the
blue plants were 1, BB, 2Bb. The genotype of the white plants was bb.
c. Law of segregation (each parent contributes one allele to the offspring. The
parent has two alleles. For a heterozygous parent the offspring has a ½ chance
(50%) of getting either allele.
Dominance. (Dominant traits mask recessive traits) [Show Less]