MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Module 2.1: General anatomy of the Respiratory System
Gross anatomy of the lungs
Gross anatomy
o Studying structures
... [Show More] visible with the naked eye
Lobes of the lungs are not symmetrical
Hilum is known as the “root of the lung”
o Where pulmonary vessels and bronchi enter each lung
Healthy lung tissue has a light texture and is peachy/pink in color
Right lung
o Three lobes
Superior
Middle
Inferior
o Horizontal and oblique fissure
o Trachea enters through the hylum of the right lung
o Pulmonary veins and primary bronchus are there
Left lung
o Two lobes
Superior
Inferior
o Due to heart being positioned on the left
o Oblique fissure only
Visceral pleura
o covers the lungs directly
Parietal pleura
o Covers surfaces surrounding the lungs
o Rib cage, diaphragm, mediastinum
Pleurae reduce friction and provide negative pressure needed for lung inflation
o Also help pull lungs open with the chest wall during inhalation
Inside of the lungs is the pleural cavity
o Filled with air
o Slight amount of fluid to lubricate the area
o In disease states the pleural cavity can fill with fluid/pus and cause infection
o Helps to pull open lungs when breathing
Filtration system
Nostrils
Tamara Warren
A&P I
o Hair and cilia
o Filters out dust/debris
Goblet cells
o Produce mucus
o Traps bacteria and other particles
Trachea and bronchi
o Lined with cilia and goblet cells
Nasal mucosa
o Filters and warms air
o Capillaries warm the air
o Hair traps any debris
Conduction system
Nasal cavities
o Vestibule
External portion of the nasal cavity
Just inside the nostrils
Covered with stratified squamous epithelium
Continuation of skin from the face
Short thick hairs to catch debris
vibrissae
o Nasal septum
Down the middle of the nose
o Nasal conchae (folds)
Increases the surface area
Warm the air as it moves past
Humidifies the air to help prevent drying
Pharynx
o Where air and food passages cross
Advantageous because air can enter through the mouth if nasal cavity is
obstructed
Allows normal breathing during eating
Greater air intake when exercising
o Nasopharynx
Connection between the nasal cavity and pharynx [Show Less]