Behavior
Any activity of an organism any movement by the organism.
Could be inside the organism (eg., action potential-smallest unit of
... [Show More] behavior.
Anything that a dead man cannot do (the dead man test).
Response
A specific instance (one occurrence) of a behavior
Response Class
A group of topographically different responses (e.g., they look different) that generate that same consequence (e.g., they serve the same function).
Stimulus
anything that a person can experience through their senses, anything that can be seen, heard, smelled, felt, or tasted.
Stimulus Class
a group of antecedent stimuli that have common effect on an operant class. Tend to evoke or abate the same behavior or response class.
Respondent Conditoning
Occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. Also known as Pavlovian Conditioning or classic conditioning.
Operant Conditoning
the process of learning through reinforcement and punishment. In operant conditioning behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences of that behavior.
Positive Reinforcement
refers to the introduction of a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior. The desirable stimulus reinforces the behavior, making it more likely that the behavior will reoccur.
Negative Reinforcement
the removal of an aversive stimulus in an effort to increase the likelihood of a targeted behavior in the future.
Partial Reinforcement Schedule Fixed Ratio (FR)
reinforce every nth response
Partial Reinforcement Schedule: Variable Ratio (VR)
reinforce roughly every nth response
Partial Reinforcement Schedule: Fixed Interval (FI)
reinforce after n amount of time
Partial Reinforcement Schedule: Variable Interval (VI)
reinforce roughly after n amount of time
Positive Punishment
adding an aversive stimulus to the environment as the consequence to an undesirable behavior in an effort to decrease the behavior.
Negative Punishment
removing a desirable stimulus from the environment as the consequence to an undesirable behavior in an effort to decrease the behavior
Socially Mediated Contingency
the consequence results from the action of another person
Automatic Contingency
the consequence is produced directly by a response independent of the actions of another
Unconditioned Reinforcement
inherent and naturally occurring reinforcement
Conditioned Reinforcement
previously neutral stimuli that has become a reinforcer through association with an established reinforcer
Generalized Reinforcer
a stimulus which has acquired reinforcing properties through repeated pairings with other reinforcers under various situations; the stimulus (which was previously neutral) now becomes reinforcing for many behaviors.
Unconditioned Punisher
inherent and naturally punishing stimulus.
Conditioned Punisher
A previously neutral stimulus changes that functions as a punisher.
Generalized Punisher
a stimulus that exerts a punishing effect because it has been associated with punishing stimuli
Extinction
Formally defined as "the omission of previously delivered unconditioned stimuli
Stimulus Control
When a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of an antecedent than in it's absence because of its history of reinforcement, punishment or extinction.
Discrimination
teaching a client how to tell the difference between two or more stimuli. Reinforcing occurrences of a behavior in the presence of one stimulus condition and not in the presence of another stimulus condition.
Generalization
teaching learned targets in the natural environment.
Maintenance
including mastered item or skill into programs in an effort to maintain previously learned items or skills.
Motivating Operations (MO)
environmental variables that alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer and after the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus object or event.
Establishing Operations (EO)
increases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement.
Abolishing Operations (AO)
decrease the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement.
Rule-Governed Behavior
behavior that is the result of known rules
Contingency-Shaped Behavior
learned behavior based on the reinforcement or punishment that the individual exposed to by their actions. [Show Less]