John Watson - Methodological Behaviourism
(S-R Behaviourism, S-R Psychology)
1913-First person to describe behaviourism as formal
... [Show More] system.
Methodological Behaviourism only looks at publicly observed events.
Not concerned with private events.
Study Bx by direct observation of relationship between environemtal stimulus (S) and
responses (R) they evoke
1920- Little Albert Experiment
Ivan Pavlov - Classical Conditioning
Respondent conditioning with dogs
Habituation - When eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time the
strength of the respondent Bx diminishes
Respondent Conditioning
AKA: Classical Conditioning, Pavlovian Conditioning
S-S pairing; Conditioned Stimulus-Conditioned Response
(CS-CR) - Ivan Pavlov
When new stimuli acquire ability to elicit responses
US------>UR US----------->UR
(food) (salivate) (food) (salivate)
NS + US------------>UR
(tone) (food) (salivate)
NS--------> CS ------------>CR
(tone) (no salivate) (tone) (salivate)
Operant Behaviour
AKA: S-R-S model, 3-term contingency - EMIT/EVOKE
Probability of occurrence determined by history of consequences
Voluntary Action
Operants defined in terms of relationship to controlling variables (function)
Operant NOT defined by topography
FUNCTION IS WHAT MATTERS
includes R+ and punishment
Adaptation - Reductions in the responding evoked by an antecedent stimulus over
repeated or prolonged presentations
Ontogenic - Learning that results from an organism's interaction with his environment
OPERANT BX-> ontogenic history
Operant Conditioning
BCBA Exam Prep 4th Edition Task list
Full Set of Terms
AKA: Behavioural Contingency, 3-term contingency, ABC - Response (SD), the
response, and outcome of the response
The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the BX
R+ or punisher said to be 'contingent' on a Bx, the Bx must be emitted for consequence
to occur
Phylogeny - Behaviour inherited genetically
Respondent behaviour due to phylogenic history
Mentalism
AKA: Spiritual/psychic/subjective feelings/attitudes - Approach to explaining behaviour
that assumes inner dimension exists and causes Bx
Traditional psychology dominated by this
Applied Behavior Analysis - A scientific approach for discovering environmental
variables that reliably influence socially significant behaviour and for developing a
technology of behaviour change that is practical and applicable
Evidence based APPLIED science
Science - A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the
natural world
Based on Determinism
Purpose: to achieve a thorough understanding of phenomena under study
ABA-> socially important behaviours
B.F Skinner - 1938- Radical Behaviourism
Radical because it includes private events into understanding behaviour
Darwinian Selectionism
AKA: Selection by consequences - Discuss 3-term contingency with regards to species
and survival
Belief that all forms of life, from single cells to complex cultures evolve selection with
respect to function
Operant selection by consequences requires variation in BX
Best outcomes selected and survive.
Pragmatism - A probabilistic AB because of C philosophy
At the level of behaviour, the relation between the setting (A)
and the behaviour (B) is because of consequences (C)
Focuses on answering question:
" How do things come to be as they are?"
Charles S Pierce & William James
Meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences rather
than theory of dogma [Show Less]