Barkley DRT 1 Practice Exam - Questions, Answers and Explanations Which of the following terms refers to the occlusion of a cerebral vessel, most often
... [Show More] by a blood clot but also by infectious particles, fat, air, or tumor fragments? embolism thrombosis arterial hypertension herniation Embolism refers to the occlusion of a cerebral vessel, most often by a blood clot but also by infectious particles, fat, air, or tumor fragments. Embolism is often associated with heart disease that results in bacterial vegetations or blood clots that are easily detached from the wall or valves of the heart and then travel to the brain, lodging in a cerebral vessel. Several control measures exist with prevention of disease. The following are all accurate statements regarding control measures except: Measures directed against the reservoir include isolation, quarantine, and insect spraying. Measures that interrupt the transmission of organisms include water purification, milk pasteurization, and barrier protection during sexual intercourse. Measures that reduce host susceptibility include immunization, appropriate use of antibiotics, and improved nutrition. Measures that cure disease include adequate diagnosis, appropriate treatment regimen, and necessary follow-up and homecare. While curative measures are important, they are not part of the control measures. You are examining a 66-year old man in the office and notice he has lost 10 pounds in 2 months. What are two most common causes of weight loss in the older adult? depression and anorexia social isolation and malignancy malignancy and depression financial limitations and anxiety Malignancy is the most common cause of weight loss in the elderly. Depression is the second most common reason for weight loss in the elderly. Other reasons are social isolation, anorexia, and financial limitations, but they are not the two most common. Which of the following lobes of the liver contains segment I of the eight segments of the liver? right lobe caudate lobe left lobe all of the above The liver consists of three lobes divided into eight independent segments, each of which has its own vascular inflow, outflow, and biliary drainage. The caudate lobe contains segment I of the eight segments of the liver. Your patient has developed an itchy skin rash after taking penicillin. Which of the following is the correct strategy for caring for this patient an ensuring he is properly medicated? Give him an antihistamine cream for the rash and continue his penicillin dosage. Wait for the rash to resolve on its own and continue the penicillin dosage. Give the patient an oral antihistamine and switch him to a lower dose of penicillin. Discontinue the penicillin and caution the patient not to take penicillin ever again. There is a risk that allergic reactions can escalate if the drug is continued or encountered again. Patients who have had a negative reaction such as a rash or hives should be cautioned not to take the drug again due to the risk of possibly fatal reactions. A patient with COPD is underweight. What will help the increase appetite? increase activity decrease activity dry the mucous membranes do not drink with meals Exhaustion from breathing can lead to a disinterest in food. Drinking fluid with meals will fill the stomach faster. Drinking water between meals will help to improve appetite. You are working at a research institute and decide to study a group of patients who are all trying to lose weight. They all will be taking the same type of stimulant medication for 60 days to help them with weight loss. The patients have agreed to return to the clinic area once a week for 60 days. This type of research design is called: a randomized controlled trial a case control study a cohort study a non-research study A cohort study describes an observational study that is prospective in nature, such as the case of this group of patients who are trying to lose weight. Cohort studies usually ask the question: "what will happen if..?" A randomized controlled trial is experimental, not observational. A case control study usually asks the question: "what happened?" It has been determined that an elderly patient is suffering from long term insomnia. Which of the following is LESS likely to be considered a long term cause of the condition? Nocturia. Environmental changes. Congestive heart failure. Alcohol and substance abuse. There are various causes of insomnia in the elderly. While some may be the cause of short term insomnia and others long term insomnia, long term insomnia is more common in the elderly than short term. When assessing the lungs in a patient with atrial fibrillation, the GNP should particularly assess for: Crackles at the base of the lungs. Bruits. Wheezing upon exertion. Murmurs. When assessing the lungs of an atrial fibrillation patient, the GNP should note the presence of crackles at the bases of the lungs. Wheezing may indicate congestive heart failure or pulmonary embolus. A male patient has asked you for a prescription of Viagra. After a careful history, you make the determination that he has erectile dysfunction (ED). The ANP understands that ED is: primarily associated with men over age 70 primarily psychological in origin The persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection adequate for sexual intercourse. The physiologic dysfunction when smooth muscles contract, causing a lack of adequate amount of blood in the penis to render a rigid, larger penis. Erectile dysfunction is experienced by 40% of men over 40 years of age and 70% of men over 70. It involves a dysfunction in the hemodynamic mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation that increases blood flow in the penis. A patient in the ICU may have diabetes insipidus. Which serum sodium would indicate this? [Show Less]