1. Trauma in Women.
The physiologic hypervolemia of pregnancy has clinical significance in the management of the severely injured, gravid woman
... [Show More] by
a) reducing the need for blood transfusion
b) increasing the risk of pulmonary edema
c) complicating the management of closed head injury
d) reducing the volume of crystalloid required for resuscitation
e) increasing the volume of blood loss to produce maternal hypotension
answer: e. info: p. 261.
2. Thermal Injuries. Injury Due to Burn and Cold.
The best guide for adequate fluid resuscitation of the burn patient is
a) adequate urinary output
b) reversal of systemic acidosis
c) normalization of the heart rate
d) a normal central venous pressure
e) 4mL/kg/percent body burn/24 hours answer: a.
info: p. 216-217.
3. Shock.
Establishing a diagnosis of shock must include
a) hypoxemia
b) acidosis
c) hypotension
d) increased vascular resistance
e) evidence of inadequate organ perfusion
answer: e. info: p. 58.
4. Musculoskeletal trauma. Extremity Trauma.
A 7 year old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents several minutes after he fell through a window. He is bleeding profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh. Immediate management of the wound should consist of
a) application of a tourniquet
b) direct pressure on the wound
c) packing the wound with gauze
d) direct pressure on the femoral artery at the groin
e) debridement of devitalized tissue answer: b
info: p. 79.
5. Head injury.
For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury, profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent
a) respiratory alkalosis
b) metabolic acidosis
c) cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion
d) neurogenic pulmonary edema
e) shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve answer: c
info: p. 136, 137.
Carbon dioxide is perhaps the most potent available modulator of cerebrovascular tone and thus cerebral blood flow (CBF). Hypercarbia and hypoxia are both potent cerebral vasodilators that result in increased cerebral blood flow and volume and, potentially, increased ICP; thus, they must be avoided. Orotracheal intubation allows for airway protection in patients who are severely obtunded and allows for better control of
oxygenation and ventilation.
6. Abdominal trauma.
A 25 year old man is brought to a hospital with a general surgeon after being involved in a motor vehicle crash. He has a GCS of 13 and complains of abdominal pain. His blood pressure was 80 mm Hg systolic by palpation on arrival at the hospital, but increases to 110/70 mm Hg with the administration of 2 liters of intravenous fluid. His heart rate remains 120 beats per minute. Computed tomography shows an aortic injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm Hg after CT. The next step is
a) contrast angiography
b) transfer to higher level trauma center
c) exploratory laparotomy
d) transfuse packed red blood cells
e) transesophageal echocardiography answer: c.
info: p. 12.
7. Thoracic trauma. Chest tube insertion.
A 22 year old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder. His blood after initial IV fluid resuscitation, a closed tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left breath sounds
a) reexamine the chest
b) perform an aortogram
c) obtain a CT scan of the chest
d) obtain arterial blood gas analyses
e) perform tranesohageal echocardiography answer: a.
info: chest tube insertion, p. 108.
8. Musculoskeletal trauma. Extremity trauma.
A construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal fractures. In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of severe pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no other deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by
a) angiography
b) compartment pressures
c) retrograde urethrogram
d) Doppler-ultrasound studies
e) complete spine x-ray series answer: e.
9. Trauma in women.
During the third trimester of pregnancy, all of the following changes occur normally EXCEPT a
a) decrease in PaCO2
b) decrease in leukocyte count
c) reduced gastric emptying rate
d) diminished residual lung volume
e) diminished elvic ligament tension answer: b.
info: p. 261.
10. Head Trauma.
In managing the head injured patient, the most important initial step is to
a) secure the airway
b) obtain c-spine film
c) support circulation
c) control scalp hemorrhage
e) determine the GCS score answer: a.
info: p. 154.
11. Shock.
A previously healthy, 70kg (154 pound) man suffers an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters. Which one of the following statements applies to this patient?
a) his pulse pressure will be widened
b) his urinary output will be at the lower limits of normal
c) he will have tachycardia, but no change in his systolic blood pressure
d) his systolic blood pressure will be decreased with a narrowed pulse ressure (true)
e) his systolic blood pressure will be maintained with an elevated diastolic pressure answer: d.
info: p. 61.
12. Which one of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma in the pregnant patient is true?
a) the fetus is in jeopardy only with major abdominal trauma
b) leakage of amniotic fluid is an indication for hospital admission
c) indications for peritoneal lavage are different from those in the nonpregnant patient
d) penetration of an abdominal hollow viscus is more common in late than in early pregnancy
e) the secondary survey follows a different pattern from that of the nonpregnant patient answer: b.
info: p. 265.
13. Thoracic trauma.
The first maneuver to improve oxygenation after chest injury is
a) intubate the patient
b) assess arterial blood gases
c) administer supplemental oxygen
d) ascertain the need for a chest tube
e) obtain a chest x-ray answer: c.
14. Head trauma.
A 25 year old man, injured in a motor vehicular crash, is admitted to the emergency department. His pupils react sluggishly and his eyes open to painful stimuli. He does not follow commands, but he does moan periodically. His right arm is deformed and does not respond to painful stimulus; however, his left hand reaches purposefully toward the painful stimulus. Both legs are stiffly extended. His GCS Score is
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 9
e) 12 answer: d. info: p. 138.
15. Trauma in Women.
A 20 year old woman, at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In the emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath, extremely anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The most appropriate first step is to
a) perform tracheal intubation
b) insert an oropharyngeal airway
c) perform needle decompression of the right chest
d) manually displace the gravid uterus to the left side of the abdomen
e) initiate 2, large-caliber peripheral IV lines and crystalloid infusion answer: c.
info: p. 87.
16. Initial assessment and management.
Which one of the following findings in an adult should prompt immediate management during the primary survey?
a) distended abdomen
b) glasgow coma scale score of 11
c) temperature of 36.5C (97.8F)
d) heart rate of 120 beats per minute
e) respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
e) respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute answer: e.
info: p. 79.
17. Thoracic trauma.
The most important, immediate step in the management of an open pneumothorax is
a) endotracheal intubation
b) operation to close the wound
c) placing a chest tube through the chest wound
d) placement of an occlusive dressing over the wound
e) initiation of 2, large-caliber IVs with crystalloid solution
answer: d. info: p. 87.
18. Tetanus immunization.
The following are contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration
a) history of neurological reaction or severe hypersensitivity to the product
b) local side effects
c) muscular spasms
d) pregnancy
e) all of the above answer: a.
info: p. 297.
19. Thoracic trauma.
A 56 year old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his truck during a motor vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and complaining of chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute.Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as the cause of his hypotension?
a. tachycardia
b. pulse volume
c. breath sounds
d. pulse pressure
e. jugular venous pressure answer: c.
info: p. 87.
20. Pediatric trauma. Trauma in extremes of age.
Bronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem bronchus can easily occur during infant endotracheal intubation because
a) the trachea is relatively short
b) the distance from the lips to the larynx is relatively short
c) the use of tubes without cuffs allows the tube to slip distally
d) the mainstem bronchi are less angulated in their relation to the trachea
e) so little friction exists between the endotracheal tube and the wall of the trachea answer: a.
info: p. 228.
21. Thoracic trauma.
A 23 year old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above the nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, and 2 liters of crystalloid solution are infused through 2 large-caliber IVs. His blood pressure now is 60/0 mmHg, heart rate is 160 beats per minute, and respiratory rate is 14 breaths per minute (ventilated with 100% O2). 1500cc of blood has drained from the right chest. The most appropriate next step in managing this patient is to
a) perform FAST
b) obtain a CT of the chest
c) perform an angiography
d) urgently transfer the patient to the operating room
e) immediately transfer the patient to a trauma ................. [Show Less]