ATI Pharmacology 2019 B [REVISED]
1) A nurse is planning care for a pt who is receiving Mannitol via continuous IV infusion. The nurse should monitor the
... [Show More] pt for which of the
following adverse effects.
-Weight loss
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to promote diuresis, decrease intracranial pressure, and improve renal function. An expected
therapeutic effect of mannitol is weight loss resulting from diuresis.
-Increased intraocular pressure
An indication for the use of mannitol is increased intraocular pressure. Mannitol decreases the intraocular pressure by creating an
osmotic gradient between the intraocular fluid and the plasma.
-Auditory hallucinations
Mannitol has several neurologic adverse effects, including increased intracranial pressure, seizures, confusion, and headaches.
However, it does not cause auditory hallucinations.
-Bibasilar crackles = CORRECT ANSWER
Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, can precipitate heart failure and pulmonary edema. Therefore, the nurse should recognize lung
crackles as an indicator of a potential complication and stop the infusion.
2) A nurse is planning to teach about inhalant medications to a pt who has a new diagnosis of exercise induced asthma. Which of the
following medications should the nurse plan to instruct the pt to use prior to physical activity?
-Cromolyn = CORRECT ANSWER
Cromolyn sodium stabilizes mast cells, which inhibit the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. The client should
use cromolyn 10 to 15 min before planning to exercise to prevent bronchospasms.
-Beclomethasone
Beclomethasone is a prophylactic glucocorticoid inhalant medication that suppresses the inflammatory and humoral immune
responses. Beclomethasone should be administered with a fixed schedule, not for PRN use before physical exercise.
-Budesonide
Budesonide is a glucocorticoid medication used to treat asthma as a long-term inhaled agent. This medication is administered by
inhalation twice daily, not prior to physical activity.
-Tiotropium
Tiotropium is an anticholinergic medication that decreases mucus production and produces bronchodilation. Tiotropium is used for
maintenance therapy of bronchospasms and has a duration of 24 hr.
3) A nurse is caring for a pt who has acute acetaminophen toxicity. The nurse should anticipate administering which of the following
medications?
-Vitamin K
Vitamin K is used to treat increased warfarin serum levels, indicated by elevated levels of PT/INR.
-Acetylcysteine= CORRECT ANSWER
Acetylcysteine is a specific antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It can prevent severe injury when given orally or by IV infusion within
8 to 10 hr.
-Benztropine
Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat adverse effects of Parkinson's disease by reducing rigidity and tremors.
-Physostigmine
Physostigmine is an effective antidote for antimuscarinic poisoning from medications such as atropine, scopolamine, some
antihistamines, phenothiazines, and tricyclic antidepressants. It has no effect on acetaminophen toxicity. [Show Less]