ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam Study Guide Latest Questions Included (2022/2023) (Verified Q&A)
hand preference Ans- all kids normally show hand
... [Show More] preference by 1 year old
plaster casts Ans- -heavy
-not water resistant
-dry in 10-72 hrs
fiberglass casts Ans- -light weight
-water resistant
-dry in 15-20 min
types of traction Ans- Skin traction:
-Buck
-Bryant
-Russell
Skeletal traction
Halo traction
-cervical traction
care for traction Ans- -assess pin sites
-ensure hardware is tight
-ensure bed is in correct position
-ensure weights do not touch floor
Halo: ensure wrench is readily available
surgical intervention for scoliosis Ans- -realign (2 rods on either side of spine)
-internal fixation
-fusion
The child is prescribed lanoxin (Digoxin) 75 mcg PO qd. The pharmacy supplies lanoxin (Digoxin) 0.05mg scored tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer? Record your answer using one decimal place. Ans- 1.5 tablets
The physician orders the patient a 10-mL/kg normal saline bolus to infuse over 2 hours. The child weighs 36 kg. Calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr. Ans- 180 mL/hr
What happens to the voice during epiglottitis? Ans- it becomes hoarse
Leukotreine modifiers Ans- -Blocks leukotriene receptors or synthesis of leukotrienes (Singulair)
-Side effects: headache, nausea, abdominal pain, increase infections if over age 55, depression, suicidal, aggression
-Generally well tolerated.
-Monitor for improvement in symptoms
Cromolyn (Intal) and nedocomil (Tilade) Ans- -Anti-inflammatory agents that inhibit release of histamine, leukotrienes,
-Prevention or maintenance drugs
-Administered by inhalation, onset of action in 2-4 weeks
-Side effects: cough, headache, throat irritation, GI upset
Long acting beta-adrenergics Ans- -Salmeterol (Serevent) -used twice daily
-Added to anti-inflammatory therapy
-Not for acute symptoms due to onset of action in 20 minutes with peak in 3-4 hours
Lortab Ans- tylenol with hydrocodone
dornase alpha Ans- decreases viscosity of secretions (thins mucous) for CF patients
tobramycin Ans- aerosolized antibiotics used for CF
Norwood procedure Ans- -Treats hypoplastic left heart
-3 stages
-done shortly after birth
-Right ventricle is converted: connects aorta to right ventricle
-Between step 1&2 is highest risk for death
-bi-directional Glenn operation (stage 2, under 6 mo. old)
-superior vena cava redirected to lungs
-Fontan operation (1.5-3 yrs old)
-inferior vena cava redirected to lungs
Heart transplant is another option
Biot's respirations Ans- periods of apnea alternating with 2 or 3 shallow breaths
Cheyne-Stokes respirations Ans- periods of apnea alternating with periods of hyperventilation
What gauge needle should be used when administering an immunization to a toddler? Ans- 24 gauge
sodium normal range Ans- 135-145
Recommended play activities for infant, toddler, preschool, and school age children Ans- Infant: play pat-a-cake
Toddler: push-pull toy
Preschool: play dress-up
School age: create a scrapbook
protecting against SIDS Ans- -supine to sleep
-empty bed: firm mattress only
-breastfeeding
-use of pacifier while sleeping
manifestations of pneumonia in infants Ans- nasal flaring
increased WBCs
diarrhea
abdominal distention
steps to take during a tonic-clonic seizure Ans- **FIRST: assist child to side-lying position on the floor
then...
-apply O2 mask
-clear immediate area
-loosen restrictive clothing
A nurse is preparing to administer ibuprofen f5 mg/kg q6h PRN for temps above 38 degrees F to an infant who weights 17.6 lb. The infant has a temp of 38.4. Available is ibuprofen liquid 100 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer to the infant per dose? Round to nearest whole number. Ans- 2 mL
What is an indication of IICP in a child with a concussion? Ans- forceful vomiting
What is an expected finding of endocarditis? Ans- headache
What is an expected finding in a school-age child with glomerulonephritis? Ans- brown colored urine
McBurney's point Ans- -lower right abdomen
-pain in appendicitis
teaching to parents of child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis Ans- -exercise large joints regularly
-encourage child to perform independent self-care
-provide a firm mattress for sleeping
-discourage daytime naps because stiffness can occur quickly
Celiac disease expected findings Ans- -steatorrhea
-distended abdomen
-weight loss
What type of vomiting is common with pyloric stenosis? Ans- projectile vomiting
management of tinea pedis Ans- -avoid wearing plastic shoes
-wear sandals as much as possible
What is used to treat scabies lesions? Ans- permethrin 5% cream
For what disease should non-washable items be sealed in a plastic bag for 14 days? Ans- pediculosis
manifestation of pertussis Ans- dry hacking cough
manifestation of acute streptococcal pharyngitis Ans- inflamed throat with exudate
manifestation of bacterial conjunctivitis Ans- purulent eye drainage
Koplik spots Ans- rubeola (measles
securing an infant's car seat Ans- lower anchors and tethers (the LATCH child safety system)
when this is available the seatbelt does not have to be used
Where should the car seat harness in rear-facing car seat be positioned? Ans- at or just below the infant's shoulders
At what angle should an infant's car seat be placed? Ans- 45 degree angle
1. Who should the FACES pain rating scale be used for?
2. Who should the numeric pain rating scale be used for?
3. Who should the CRIES pain assessment scale be used for?
4. Who should the non communicating children's pain checklist be used for? Ans- 1) 3+ yrs old
2) 5+ yrs old
3) infants
4) pediatric clients with cognitive impairments
Diabetes insipidus lab values Ans- -dilute urine/low specific gravity
-high sodium
-normal blood glucose
-polyuria (excessive urine output)
minimal change nephrotic syndrome management Ans- -dietary fluid restriction
-low sodium diet
-corticosteroids
How often should a child with asthma get pulmonary function tests? Ans- every 12-24 months
lumbar puncture nursing care Ans- -apply topical analgesic to the lumbar site 60 min prior to procedure
-place in prone position or flat in bed for up to 12 hours to prevent post procedural spinal headache
-encourage to drink extra fluids to replace CSF
care for a partial-thickness burn Ans- -wash the affected area with mild soap & water
-apply antibiotic ointment to the affected area
For what type of burn would you insert and NG tube? Ans- a major burn - to empty the contents of the stomach & maintain decompression
CF diet Ans- -well-balanced
-high in protein & calories
-unrestricted fat
-ensure adequate fluid intake
Can a child with celiac disease eat malt? Ans- no, it has gluten in it
What should be done after administering PO suspension digoxin? Ans- brush the child's teeth
manifestations of digoxin toxicity Ans- nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite
age of controlling impulsive feelings Ans- school age
age of understanding right from wrong Ans- preschool
begins to express likes and dislikes Ans- toddler
positioning to reduce the risk of IICP Ans- head elevated in a midline position
indications of brainstem herniation Ans- Cushing's triad: htn, bradycardia, decreased respirations
infant care after a cheiloplasty Ans- -clean sutures with sterile water or diluted hydrogen peroxide after each feeding
-don't put large objects in the mouth
-apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment on the suture line daily for 3 days and then petroleum jelly for several weeks
developmental activities for school age kids, preschoolers, and toddlers Ans- school age - book about adventure
preschooler - large piece puzzle
toddler - puppets
child behaviors suggestive of physical abuse Ans- -reluctance to return home
-description of injury is vague and incompatible with the actual wounds
-denies discomfort during assessment of injuries
-withdrawn behavior and poor relationships with peers
sodium polystyrene sulfonate enema Ans- -antidote that exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine
-treats hyperkalemia
adverse effect: diarrhea
interventions for lead toxicity Ans- -diet rich in calcium, vitamin C, and iron
-chelation therapy for lead levels 45 mcg/dL or greater
expected findings following an appendectomy Ans- -absence of peristalsis
-WBC >10,000/mm3
Meckel diverticulum Ans- passage of dark red stool with mucus
spastic cerebral palsy expected findings Ans- -positive Babinski reflex
-ankle clonus
-exaggerated stretch reflexes
-contractures
indications of early septic shock Ans- fever & chills
plan of care pre-op for a preschooler with a Wilm's tumor Ans- -avoid palpating the abdomen
-auscultate bowel sounds
-do not engage in play with other children - increases risk of injury
-do not explain about pain till post op so as not to increase anxiety
physical findings suggestive of physical abuse Ans- symmetric burns of lower extremities
physical findings suggestive of physical neglect Ans- -growth failure
-lack of subcutaneous fat
physical findings suggestive of sexual abuse Ans- recurrent UTIs
indications of SIADH Ans- -low sodium level
-high urine specific gravity
-decreased urine output
-hypoosmolality
-overhydration
-mental confusion
-bounding pulses
-increased BP
-tachycardia [Show Less]