1. What is the correct amount of wet diapers a mature infant should produce each day?
A) An infant should have 9 to 10 wet diapers/day.
B) An infant
... [Show More] should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day.
C) An infant should have 3 to 5 wet diapers/day.
D) An infant should have 1 to 2 wet diapers/day.
B
Urination occurs in the first 24 hours of life. A normal amount of urine is 200 to 300 ml/day as the infant matures. This amount is equal to 6 to 8 wet diapers/day. The infant should have an intake of between 140 to 160 ml/kg/day to be well hydrated and nourished. This amount of intake will produce the 6 to 8 diapers/day.
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2. A parent asks the nurse if her 2-month-old could have bananas yet. The nurse would respond and educate the parent on the nutrition stages of infants by which of these responses?
A) "Sure, if you feel she is ready to have bananas."
B) "When did you feed your other child bananas?
C) "In one month you can try bananas if you think she is ready."
D) "In two months you can try bananas if you think she is ready."
D
The nurse should choose this response because no solid foods are recommended for infants until 3 months of age. The age of 4 to 6 months is the age recommended to introduce solid foods. The other responses are the incorrect age or are letting the parent decide the appropriate answer.
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3. The nurse goes in to check on a new mother to see how breast-feeding is going with her new son. The nurse observes the infant is on the mother's lap with the blanket unwrapped, and the mother is washing his face, and gently stroking the baby. The mother has had trouble breastfeeding the last few times. What is the appropriate response from the nurse?
A) "You are doing a wonderful job attempting to wake the baby."
B) "Maybe you should watch the breastfeeding video again."
C) "That is not how you get him to eat."
D) "You will never get him to eat all unwrapped like that."
A
The nurse should be emotionally supportive to the new mom. The mom's techniques are commonly used in breastfed infants who are sleeping. The encouragement from the nurse will support the mom through this learning period. The other responses do not emotionally support the mom or contribute to a positive learning environment.
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4. The infant weighs 7 lb 4 oz (3,248 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be the expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months?
A) 14 lb 8 oz (6.6 kg)
B) 21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg)
C) 25 lb (11.3 kg)
D) 28 lb 4 oz (12.8 kg)
B
The average weight of a newborn is 7.5 lb (3400 g). The infant gains about 30 g each day. By four months of age, the infant has doubled the birthweight. By 1 year of age, the infant has tripled the birthweight and has grown 10 to 12 in (25 to 30 cm). 7.25 lb × 3 = 21.75 lb or 21 lb 12 oz
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5. The best way for an infant's parent to help the child complete the developmental task of the first year is to:
A) expose the infant to many caregivers to help the infant learn variability.
B) respond to the infant consistently.
C) talk to the infant at a special time each day.
D) keep the infant stimulated with many toys.
B
The developmental task of an infant is gaining a sense of trust. The infant develops this sense from the caretakers who respond to the child's needs, such as feeding, changing diapers, being held. It is a continuous process. A sense of trust is difficult to learn if things are constantly changing. Consistently responding to an infant's needs helps to build a sense of trust. An infant is too young to have variability in caretakers. This causes mistrust. The parents or caretakers do not need a special time to talk to the infant each day. It should be done with each interaction. Providing too much stimulus before the infant develops gross motor skills causes frustration from the child and not enjoyment.
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6. Which milestone would the nurse expect an infant to accomplish by 8 months of age?
A) Sitting without support
B) Being able to sit from a standing position
C) Creeping on all fours
D) Pulling self to a standing position
B
Physical development of infants occurs in a cephalocaudal fashion. That means they must learn to control and lift their heads first. This is followed by the ability to turn over. Once this occurs the remainder of development occurse quickly. Most infants are able to sit unsupported by 8 months. They are able to creep at 9 months and pull to a standing position by 10 months. At 12 months the infant is able to sit from a standing position and is learning to walk.
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7. What information would the nurse include when teaching the parents of an infant about colic?
A) Symptoms will decrease if the infant is laid on the back after feedings.
B) Formula intake should be doubled to keep the infant from losing weight.
C) The infant will need future follow-up for a "nervous" bowel.
D) Colic symptoms will probably fade at 3 months of age.
D
Colic is defined as unconsolable crying that lasts 3 hours or longer per day and which it has no physical cause. Colic symptoms typically fade around 3 months of age. This is an age when infants are better able to console themselves. Colic can be very stressful for parents and lead to sleep deprivation. Many infants need to be carried at all times to reduce crying. Some do well with non-nutritive sucking and other need white noise or motion to help them soothe. Because colic has no physical cause telling the parents about follow up for "nervous stomach" is not necessary. The infant should be placed in a position of comfort to reduce the crying. Every infant has one's own position which helps, not just placing the infant on the back. Doubling up the formula will not help colic and may cause more problems, because it can cause abdominal pain and increased weight gain.
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8. The parent of an infant asks the nurse when to begin brushing the infant's teeth. What would be the nurse's best response?
A) by 12 months of age
B) when weaning is complete
C) as soon as the first tooth erupts
D) as soon as the infant begins to eat fruit
C
Before tooth eruption occurs, parents should clean the infant's gums after feeding with a damp wash cloth. After the first tooth erupts, parents can use a soft bristle tooth brush. Dental hygiene should be part of the infant's everyday care. The American and Canadian Dental Associations recommend the first dental checkup to occur around 1 year of age. Infants should not go to bed with bottles or sippy cups to prevent dental caries.
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