Gastritis
inflammation of the gastric lining
Gastritis risk factors
- Drugs: NSAIDs, Aspirin, Corticosteroids
- Diet: Alcohol, Large amounts of spicy,
... [Show More] irritating foods
- Microorganisms: H.pylori, Cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium
Acute Gastritis S/s
• Epigastric pain
• Dyspepsia
• Anorexia
• Hiccups
• N/V
• May cause bleeding
Chronic Gastritis S/s
• Fatigue
• Pyrosis
• Belching
• Sour taste in mouth
• Halitosis
• Early satiety
• Anorexia
• N/V
Melena
Black tarry stool
Hematochezia
fresh, bright red blood in stool
Gastritis Management- Refrain from alcohol and irritating foods
- May need: NG intubation, antacids, Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2
blockers), Proton pump inhibitors, or IV fluids
- NPO status, Ice chips, Clear liquids, Gradual introduction of solid food
Gastric Peptic Ulcers
- Discomfort in the epigastrium, immediately after eating
- "Burning" and "Gaseous"
Duodenal Peptic Ulcers
- Discomfort in midepigastric region
- Can cuase back pain
- Symptoms 2-5 hours after meals
- "Buring" and "Cramplike"
Peptic Ulcer S/s
Pyrosis, Vomiting, Constipation or diarrhea, Bleeding, Sour burping
Peptic Ulcer complications
- Hemorrhage: Duodenal ulcers cause more upper GI bleeds
- Perforation: Ulcer penetrates the serosal surface with spillage of gastric or
duodenal contents into the peritoneal cavity
- Manifestations are sudden and dramatic
- Gastric Outlet Obstruction: The result of edema, inflammation, pylorospasm, or
fibrous scar tissue formation
Peptic Ulcer Management
- Smoking Cessation
- Eat tolerated meals 3 x a day, avoid alc + caffeine, stop taking aspirin and
NSAIDS
Dumping syndrome
- Common post op complication
- Stomach can no longer control the amount of gastric chyme entering the small
intestine
- Hypertonic fluid enters the intestine and fluid is drawn into the bowel lumen- There is a decrease in plasma volume, distension of the bowel lumen, and rapid
intestinal transit
Dumping syndrome s/s
- Symptoms occur 15- 30 minutes after eating
- Weakness, Palpitations, Sweating, Dizziness, Abdominal cramps, Urge to
defecate
Postprandial Hypoglycemia
- Uncontrolled gastric emptying of ablous of fluid high in carbohydrate into the
small intestine
- Results in hyperglycemia and release of excess amounts of insulin into circulation
- Results in reflex hypoglycemia
Postprandial Hypoglycemia s/s
- Occurs 2 hours after eating
- Symptoms of hypoglycemic reaction, Sweating, Weakness, Mental confusion,
Palpitations, Tachycardia, Anxiety
Bile Reflux Gastritis
- Reflux of bile into thestomach
- Prolonged contact with bile causes damage to the gastric mucosa
- Continuous epigastric distress that increase after meals + Vomiting temporarily
relieves distress
Gastric Cancer
- Begins with lesion involving cells on the top layer of the stomach mucosa
- The lesion infiltrates the stomach wall and extends to organs and adjacent
structures
- Few symptoms in early stages of disease
- Early stages: Pain relieved by antacids
- Advanced: Dyspepsia, Early satiety, Weight loss, Abdominal pain above the
umbilicus, Loss or decrease in appetite, Bloating after meals, N/V
Causes of Constipation
Meds, Immobility, Fatigue, Debility, Celiac Disease, Inability to pass stool, Dietary
Habits, Timing, Lack of Exercise, Stress [Show Less]