ATI Community Health Proctored Exam
nursing community theories Ans-
nightgale's theory of environment Ans- *focuses on the impact of a
... [Show More] person's environment on their health
-focus is on preventative care
-washing hands, maintaining a clean environment ==> in order to prevent a disease or spread of a disease
health belief model Ans- *assumes the person's primary motivation in taking positive health actions it to avoid getting a disease
-the likelihood that they will take these actions are based on:
1. modifying variables: age, gender, race, economy and education
2. perceived severity and susceptibility of getting a disease
3. perceived benefits vs. barriers of taking action
4. cues to action: advice from doctors, media campaigns, etc.
community health nursing Ans- *the client is the community or population as opposed to an individual
*two parts that fall underneath this
community based nursing Ans- *providing illness care: helping to take care of clients with acute or chronic conditions
*treating individuals and families
*ex: home health nurse, school nurse
community oriented nursing Ans- *not focused on illness care
*focused on education, disease prevention, trying to improve collected health of the community
*focus on health education, health promotion, and disease promotion
*ex: public health nurses
respect for autonomy Ans- *uplifting a patient's right for self-determination
nonmaleficence Ans- *not doing any harm
beneficience Ans- *doing good or what is best for the patient
distributive justices Ans- *fair allocation of resources in the community
epidemiology Ans- *the study of the spread, transmission, or incidence of the disease or injury
3 components of the epidemiology triangle Ans- *agent: the thing that is causing the disease
*host: the human or animal that is being affected by the disease
*environment
incidence Ans- *number of new cases of disease or injury in a population during a specified period of time
prevalence Ans- *the number of all cases (which includes new or previous cases) of disease or injury in a population during a specified period of time.
obsticles to education Ans- *age
*culture
*illiteracy
*language barrier
*lack of access
*lack of motivation
visual Ans- *respond better to videos or presentations
auditory Ans- *respond better to verbal lecture or discussion
tactile Ans- *respond best with hands on demonstration and return-demonstration to show what the client has learned
healthy people 2020 Ans- *care of people with diabetes, cancer, older age, and LGBT health (priorities)
primary Ans- *actions that help prevent initial occurrence of a disease
-ex: immunizations, providing education (written at an 8th grade level or lower)
secondary Ans- *early detection of the disease and limiting the severity of the disease
-ex: screening for a disease, disease surviallence, controlling outbreaks
teritary Ans- *maximizing recovery after an injury or illness
-ex: rehabilitation, support groups, physical therapy
chapter two Ans-
aculturation Ans- *when someone adopts the traits of a different culture
ethnocentrism Ans- *belief that one's culture is superior to all others
-view the world from their own culture viewpoint, close minded
culture assessment Ans- *ethnic background
*religious preferences
*family structure
*food patterns
*health practices
*always incorporate patient's preferences into nursing care when possible
when to use an interpreter Ans- *don't use a family member (not recommended)
*
patient education/teaching materials Ans- *should be available in patient's primary language
environmental risks Ans- *toxins: lead, pesticides, radon
*air pollution: carbon dioxide, tobacco, airborne lead contamination
*water pollution: waste products, chemical runoff from the soil
*questions for environmental assessment:
*what is the condition of your housing?
*any remodeling activities?
*what is water temperature heater set at? (less then 120 degrees F)
*occupation? exposure to chemicals/toxins
*tobacco smoke present?
*quality of drinking water?
lead exposure Ans- *ask when house was built
-pre 1978 is at risk for lead-based paint
-screen children 6 months to 5 years for lead exposure
*avoid children playing right outside the house: paint may reside in soil
*wet mop the floor as opposed to vacuum
*wet sanding technique as opposed to dry sanding technique
*children are getting enough iron and calcium in diet, decrease absorption of lead in the body
*encourage use of cold water vs hot water because lead dissolves more quickly in hot water
medicare eligibility Ans- *over 65, who have been receiving disability for at least two years or have been diagnosed with ALS or end stage renal disease and are receiving dialysis
part A Ans- *cover inpatient hospital expenses
*limited skilled nursing facilities and home health care
part B Ans- *covers outpatient care
-diagnostic services, physical therapy, occupational therapy
part C Ans- *combines part A and B
*offered through private insurance companies
part D Ans- *prescription drug coverage
medicade Ans- *low socioeconomic status, no other insurance options may be eligible
*based on house hold size and income level
state department of health Ans- *manages the WIC (women, infant, and children) program
*oversee the CHIP (children's health insurance) program
*manage medicade
*report notifiable communicable diseases to the CDC
state board of nursing Ans- *organization licenses LPNs and RNs
*oversee state school of nursing
*develop state nursing practice acts
local health departments Ans- *help meet the needs of the local community
*report notifiable communicable diseases to CDC
chapter 3 Ans- [Show Less]