arthropods
invertebrates with segmented bodies and jointed legs
monera
most primitive kingdom; organisms are prokaryotic; includes
... [Show More] bacteria
chordata
vertebrates animals; includes man
fiber
provides bulk w/c allows the large intestine to carry away waste matter
arteries
carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
veins
carry blood back to heart from the cappilaries
cappilaries
permit the exchange of materials between the blood & the body's cells
platelets
cell fragment that allow blood to clot
lipase
changes fats to glycerol and fatty acids
pancreatic amylase
breaks down complex carbohydrates into simple sugar; helps digest starchy foods
trypsin
converts polypeptides into amino acid
bile
produced by the liver aids in the physical digestion of emulsifying fat
cerebellum
concerned with the mascular coordination of the brain
medulla
connection between the brain and the spinal cord; controls involuntary actions
spinal cord
carry impulses; control center for many simple reflexes
somatic nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system; sending sensory information; controls voluntary actions
autonomic nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system; regulates involuntary activities
meiosis
process by which gametes are created
protista
simplest eukaryotes (cells have nuclei)
ex: slime, water slime molds
fungi
decomposers (saprothrops) ; includes mushrooms
ecology
study of interrelationships between organisms & their physical surroundings
biosphere
zone of planet earth where life naturally occurs, including land, water & air
biome
species bound together by similar climate, vegetation & animal life
ecosystem
system made up of a community of animals, plants as well as the non-living
geology
deals with the history and composition of the earth and its life
outer core
2,300 km thick liquid
inner core
1,200 km radius solid
richter scale
use to measure the intensity of the earthquake
igneous rock
formed from hardening of molten rock or magma, w/c is called lava when reaches the surface of the earth
ex: granite, pumice, basalt, obsidian
sedimentary rock
formed by sedimentation or gradual depositing of small bits of rock, clay & other materials
ex: shale, sandstone, gypsum, dolomite, coal
metamorphic rock
formed when existing rock material is altered through temperature, pressure, or chemical processes
ex: marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite
precambrian eon
period before the fossil record began
meteorology
study of weather, atmosphere, & atmospheric phenomena
troposphere
lowest level of the atmosphere where all weather takes place. here found the 79% nitrogen & 21% oxygen
stratosphere
above troposphere and jet stream where airflow is mostly horizontal; here found the ozone layer; 60 degrees celcius
ozone layer
absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun
mesosphere
above the stratosphere where we see "falling stars", meteors that fall to the earth & burn up in the atmosphere; 90 degrees celcius
thermosphere
outermost layer of the earth; above mesosphere; 2000 degrees celcius at its upper limit
sun
classified as a "G2V star" or "yellow dwarf"
asteroids
a.k.a. "meteoroids", when they fall into the earth's gravitational field, they are seen as falling stars called "meteors"
comets
sometimes called dirty snowballs or icy mudballs
volume
measurement of three-dimensional space
physics
deals with the properties, changes & interactions of matter & energy
work
force exerted on an object times the distance moved in the direction of the force
newton
unit of force
joule
unit of work
power
rate at which work is performed
watt
unit of power
newton's first law of motion
an object at rest tends to stay at rest, an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
friction
force that resists relative motion between two bodies in contact
newton's second law of motion
"law of inertia" the greater the mass, the greater the force needed to overcome its inertia
newtons' third law of motion
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
newton's law of gravitation
all objects in the universe attract each other w/an equal force that varies directly as a product of their masses. this force is known as "gravity"
sound waves
produced when an object vibrates, disturbing the medium around it
doppler effect
occurs when either the source of the sound waves, the listener, or both are moving
gamma rays
most active radiant energy
refractive index
ratio by which light is slowed down
law of reflection
angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
concave mirror
converging mirror
convex mirror
diverging mirror
concave lens
one that is thicker on the edges than it is in the middle; also called "diverging lens"
convex lens
one that is thicker in the middle than on the edges; also called "converging lens"
conduction
simplest method of heat transfer; it is accomplished by direct contact such as placing your finger on a hot iron
convection
transfer of heat unevenly in a liquid or gas, lowering the density of the heated liquid or gas, w/c causes it to rise & the cooler liquid or gas to fall
radiation
occurs when electromagnetic waves transmit heat, the heat we get from the sun is called like this [Show Less]