What are the appropriate calcium intake and calcium-phosphate ratios in PN for optimal neonatal bone mineralization? correct answers - Elemental calcium
... [Show More] intake of 76 mg/kg per day
- Ca:P ratio of 1.7:1 (mg:mg) or 1.3:1 (mmol:mmol)
What are the clinical (infection, catheter occlusion) advantages or disadvantages of 2-in-1 compared with 3-in-1 PN admixtures? correct answers There is no clinical difference in infectious complications between the two PN delivery systems. 3-in-1 formulations administered in the homecare setting may increase the risk for catheter occlusion and shorten catheter lifespan.
What macronutrient dosing limits are expected to provide for the most stable 3-in-1 admixtures? correct answers Final concentrations of...
- Amino acid ≥4%
- Monohydrated dextrose ≥10%
- Injectable lipid emulsion ≥2%
**likely to remain stable for up to 30 h at room temperature (25°C) or for 9 d refrigerated (5°C) followed by 24 h at room temperature.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of *premixed* PN formulations? correct answers *Advantages*
- Less cost
- Better efficiency
*Disadvantages*
- Often will not meet the caloric, amino acid, and electrolyte needs of critically ill patients, who are often obese, require fluid restriction, and display hepatic/renal dysfunction
- criticized for their high dextrose concentrations, which could increase the risk of hyperglycemia and infection
T/F
Trace element contamination is found in most parenteral components expected to be free of these minerals. correct answers True...
What are some strategies to avoid repackaging IV fat emulsions into smaller patient-specific volumes, such as pediatric volumes? correct answers - Separate infusion direct from the manufacturer's container
- A drawn-down IVFE unit (ie, original manufacturer container with some of the volume purged aseptically)
What beyond-use date should be used for
- IVFE dispensed for separate infusion in the original container [Show Less]