Blood sample taken from - correct answer radial artery
Acid-base balance is regulated in the body by... - correct answer the ability to maintain a pH
... [Show More] between 7.35 - 7.45. (prefers 7.4)
Components of ABG - correct answer pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3
Why do we care about acid-base imbalances in the blood? - correct answer -the body is always trying to maintain homeostasis
-when things are wrong in the body, the body tries to compensate.
-if it continues, the person will die
The kidney or lung cannot compensate for itself - correct answer Kidneys compensate for respiratory imbalances.
Respiratory system compensates for metabolic imbalances.
These compensatory mechanisms do not correct the problem, but they assist the body in adapting.
However, if the underlying condition is not corrected, these compensatory mechanisms will fail.
**Review Table 41-7 on p. 894**
Types of acidosis - correct answer respiratory and metabolic
types of alkalosis - correct answer respiratory and metabolic
Respiratory acidosis - correct answer -Arises from hypoventilation
-Pneumonia, respiratory failure, drug overdose, head injury, obesity
-These things decrease pH in blood = acid
Respiratory alkalosis - correct answer -Arises from hyperventilation
-Asthma, anxiety, fever, exercise
-These things cause increase blood pH = alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis - correct answer -occurs from an increase in metabolic acid or decrease in bicarbonate.
-Arises from high acid content in blood
-Kidneys unable to excrete enough acid, which accumulates in the blood
-Starvation, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis
Metabolic alkalosis - correct answer -occurs from a direct increase in base (HCO3−) or a decrease in metabolic acid, which increases blood HCO3−by releasing it from its buffering function.
-high pH, high HCO3
-Arises heavy loss of acid
-Excessive vomiting, gastric suctioning, hypokalemia
REVIEW - correct answer table 42.7 p. 945 for detailed descriptions on ABG conditions
**NORMAL VALUES FOR ACID_BASE** - correct answer pH: 7.35 to 7.45
PaCO2: 35 to 45 mm Hg
Bicarbonate: 22 to 26 mEq/L
Acid-Base Mneumonic-ROME - correct answer Respiratory
Opposite
Metabolic
Equal
Look at... - correct answer Look at pH - is it acidic ↓ or alkaline ↑
Look at PaCO2 - is it ↑ or ↓
Look at HCO3 - is it ↑ or ↓
A client recovering from surgery in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) is difficult to arouse two hours following surgery. The nurse in the PACU has been administering Morphine Sulfate intravenously to the client for complaints of post-surgical pain. The client's respiratory rate is 7 per minute and demonstrates shallow breathing. The patient does not respond to any stimuli! The nurse assesses the ABCs (remember Airway, Breathing, Circulation!) and obtains ABGs STAT!
The STAT results come back from the laboratory and show: [Show Less]