What is the correct term used to describe an intravenous injection of a concentrated volume of contrast media?
a. bolus
b. infusion
c.
... [Show More] extravasation
d. luminal - ANSWER-a. bolus
Which of the following methods utilizes a detector that captures x-ray energy and converts it into an electronic signal?
a. indirect capture
b. CCD
c. cassette based radiography
d. direct capture - ANSWER-d. direct capture
The energy of a characteristic x-ray photon created when an L shell electron fills a K shell vacancy in a tungsten atom will have which of the following energies?
a. 69.5 keV
b. 57.5 keV
c. 91.5 keV
d. 12 keV - ANSWER-b. 57.5 keV
The energy of characteristic photons is determined by the difference in binding energies between the two electron shells involved in the process, which in this question are K and L shells. 69.5 (K shell) minus 12 (L shell) equals 57.5.
Identify the position that will place the positive contrast agent in the body of the stomach and pyloris during a double contrast upper GI exam?
a. recumbent LPO
b. supine
c. recumbent RPO
d. prone - ANSWER-d. prone
which position/projection will best demonstrate the broad aspect of the frontal air sinus? - ANSWER-PA
Which position will best demonstrate the right axillary portion of the ribs? - ANSWER-RPO
Which position will emphasize the mucosal lining of the medial wall of the descending colon during a lower GI exam? - ANSWER-left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the wrist will best demonstrate the interspaces of the carpal bone? - ANSWER-AP
An image is acquired with computed radiography using which of the following methods?
a. a cassette that is electronically charged
b. conventional film/screen processing
c. the use of a storage phosphor
d. nonne of the above - ANSWER-c. the use of a storage phosphor
A transformer constructed with 10,00 primary turns and 2,500 secondary turns will yield an output voltage of _____ when being supplied with 210 volts.
a. 2710 volts
b. 52.5 volts
c. 840 volts
d. 525 volts - ANSWER-b. 52.5 volts
Which of the following circuit components is considered to be the source for kVp?
a. step-up transformer
b. autotransformer
c. step-down transformer
d. high voltage transformer - ANSWER-b. autotransformer
Which of the following meds is administered to a patient during an allergic reaction?
a. Adenocard
b. Intropin
c. Lasix
d. Decadron - ANSWER-d. Decadron
If the improper body part is selected from the exam menu, which of the following may result?
a. there will be no image
b. there may be image misinterpretation
c. will exhibit proper contrast and density
d. image sharpness will not be affected - ANSWER-b. there may be image misinterpretation
Which of the following combinations are needed in digital radiography system to produce an image?
a. intensifying screen & TFT
b. x-ray absorber & CCD
c.. storage phosphor plate & CCD
d. storage phosphor plate & TFT - ANSWER-b. x-ray absorber & CCD
Exposure latitude is also known as which of the following?
a. dynamic range
b. spatial resolution
c. subject contrast
d. characteristic response - ANSWER-a. dynamic range
All of the following components are within the glass/metal enclosure of the x-ray tube except...
a. anode
b. stators
c. rotors
d. filament wires - ANSWER-b. stators
Universal precautions should be practiced on..
a. all isolation patients
b. CCU patients
c. pediatric patients
d. All patients - ANSWER-d. All patients
What is the minimum source to skin distance allowed for a mobile fluoroscopic unit? - ANSWER-12 inches
Pregnant technologists should not receive more than ___ rem for the duration of the pregnancy.
a. 3
b. 0.5
c. 0.15
d. 2.5 - ANSWER-b. 0.5 rem
How much annual exposure can a 49 year old occupational worker receive?
a. 490 mSv
b. 290 mSv
c. 50 mSv
d. 75 mSv - ANSWER-c. 50 mSv
What is the primary purpose for the use of beam filtration?
a. to reduce skin entrance exposure
b. to modify subject contrast
c. to limit the production of secondary radiation
d. to offset variations in part thickness - ANSWER-a. to reduce skin entrance exposure
The reproducibility of exposures of a radiographic unit must not vary more than ____ % to be considered within acceptable limits.
a. 2.5
b. 5
c. 10
d. 12.5 - ANSWER-5%
Average body build comprising 50% of the population? - ANSWER-Sthenic
Below average body build comprising 35% of the population? - ANSWER-Hyposthenic
Extremely small body build comprising 10% of the population? - ANSWER-Asthenic
Above average or massive body build comprising 5% of the population? - ANSWER-Hypersthenic
What makes up the axial skeleton? - ANSWER-toward the center or middle of the body- includes skull, hyoid, vertebral column, and thorax.
What makes up the appendicular skeleton? - ANSWER-upper & lower extremities, the shoulder girdle & pelvic girdle
The mastoid process is located at the level of... - ANSWER-C1
The thyroid cartilage is located at the level of... - ANSWER-C4-5
The vertebral prominens is located at the level of... - ANSWER-C7
The sternal/jugular notch is located at the level of... - ANSWER-T2-3
The sternal angle is located at the level of... - ANSWER-T4-5
The inferior angle of the scapula is located at the level of... - ANSWER-T7
The xiphoid tip is located at the level of... - ANSWER-T10
The umbilicus is at the level of... - ANSWER-L3-4
The iliac crest is at the level of... - ANSWER-L4
The greater trochanter is at the level of... - ANSWER-the pubic symphysis
The lower costal margin is at the level of... - ANSWER-L1-2
The ASIS is at the level of... - ANSWER-S1
AP Axial Skull is also known as... - ANSWER-"Townes" method
PA Axial skull is also known as... - ANSWER-Caldwell method
In a PA Axial skull, where should the petrous ridges be seen? - ANSWER-projected in the lower third of the orbits
The CR for a PA axial skull? - ANSWER-15 degrees caudad, exiting the nasion
The CR for an AP axial skull? - ANSWER-30 degrees caudad thru the foramen magnum to the OML
Which line in perpendicular to the IR for a lateral skull? - ANSWER-IPL
The cassette-based digital image receptor uses which of the following as the image receptor?
a. TFT
b. PSP
c. CCD
d. none of the above - ANSWER-b. PSP
PA Axial 25 degree cephalic angle of the Skull is also known as... - ANSWER-Hass method or Reverse Towne
Parietoacanthial projection is also known as... - ANSWER-Waters method
Which view demonstrates all 4 sinus groups without superimposition? - ANSWER-lateral
The waters view of the sinuses primarily demonstrates which sinus? - ANSWER-maxillary
CR for AP axial C-spine? - ANSWER-15-20 degrees cephalic, entering level of C4
CR for Anterior oblique of the C-spine? - ANSWER-15-20 degrees caudad
CR for Posterior oblique C-spine? - ANSWER-15-20 degrees cephalic
Anterior obliques of the C-spine demonstrate which foramina? - ANSWER-the foramina closest to the IR
Posterior obliques of the C-spine demonstrate which foramina? - ANSWER-the foramina farthest from the IR
AP/PA scoliosis series is also known as... - ANSWER-Ferguson method
For an AP T-spine, where does the CR enter? - ANSWER-level of T7
AP/PA Lumbar spine CR? - ANSWER-perpendicular to the IR, at the level of iliac crest(L4-5).
Lateral lumbar spine demonstrates... - ANSWER-vertebral bodies, intervertebral joint spaces, and the intervertebral foramina.
L5-S1 spot lateral demonstrates the possible existence of.... - ANSWER-spondylolisthesis
Posterior obliques of the L-spine demonstrate.... - ANSWER-the articular facets and zygapophyseal joints closest to the IR.
Scotty dog anatomy: ear represents... - ANSWER-superior articulating process
Scotty dog anatomy: eye represents... - ANSWER-pedicle
Scotty dog anatomy: neck represents... - ANSWER-pars interarticularis
Scotty dog anatomy: nose represents... - ANSWER-transverse process
Scotty dog anatomy: leg represents... - ANSWER-inferior articulating process
CR for AP axial sacrum? - ANSWER-15 degrees cephalad, midway between ASIS & pubic symphysis
CR for AP axial coccyx? - ANSWER-10 degrees caudad, 2 inches superior to pubic symphysis
The preferred site for a spinal puncture during Myelography is... - ANSWER-L3-4
What is the primary pathology for a Myelogram? - ANSWER-HNP (herniated nucleus pulposus)
CR for AP axial Sacroiliac joints? - ANSWER-30 degrees cephalic for males,
35 degrees cephalic for females,
2 inches above the pubic symphysis
Which SI joint is demonstrated on a posterior oblique? - ANSWER-SI joint farthest from the IR
Which SI joint is demonstrated on an anterior oblique? - ANSWER-SI joint closest to the IR
Where is the CR directed for a cross-table lateral hip (Daelius-Miller method) ? - ANSWER-perpendicular to the femoral neck
Which view is performed in cases of possible bilateral hip fractures? - ANSWER-Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Clements-Nakayama method)
AP oblique projection of the pelvis, acetabulum is also known as... - ANSWER-Judet method
Which position demonstrates the sternum over the heart shadow to the left of the vertebral column? - ANSWER-RAO
Lateral upper airway demonstrates:
a. nasopharynx
b. oropharynx
c. hyoid bone
d. trachea
e. all of the above - ANSWER-e. all of the above
Which colic flexure lies lower than the other one? - ANSWER-right colic flexure lies lower than the left colic flexure
CR for supine KUB? - ANSWER-level of iliac crests
During an upper GI, the Upright PA shows... - ANSWER-the type and relative position of the stomach
During an upper GI, the upright left lateral shows... - ANSWER-the left retrogastric space
for a PA skull, how should the petous ridges be seen? - ANSWER-filling the orbits
During an Upper GI, the recumbent PA(prone) shows... - ANSWER-entire stomach and duodenal loop. Body and pyloris are filled with barium.
During a BE, the right lateral decubitus demonstrates... - ANSWER-the medial side of the ascending colon & the lateral side of the descending colon
During a BE, the left lateral decubitus demonstrates... - ANSWER-the medial side of the descending colon & the lateral side of the ascending colon
During a BE, the LPO demonstrates... - ANSWER-the hepatic flexure and ascending colon
During a BE, the RPO demonstrates... - ANSWER-the splenic flexure and the descending colon
CR for PA axial sigmoid? - ANSWER-30-40 degrees caudad, entering at the top of sacrum
CR for AP axial toes? - ANSWER-15 degrees cephalad
CR for AP Axial foot? - ANSWER-10 degrees toward the heel
How many degrees do you rotate the foot for an oblique foot? - ANSWER-30
Which of the following results in all-directional scatter?
a. compton
b. photoelectric
c. classical
d. coherent - ANSWER-a. compton
which of the following are byproducts of photoelectric absorption?
a. photoelectron and Compton scattered electron
b. photoelectron and characteristic photon
c. low energy scattererd xray photon and characteristic photon
d. low energy scattered xray photon and compton scattered electron - ANSWER-b. photoelectron and characteristic photon
which two interactions between x-radiation and matter result in the production of small-angle scatter?
a. coherent scattering and Compton scattering
b. coherent scattering and pair production
c. photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering
c. photoelectric absorption and pair production - ANSWER-a. coherent scattering and Compton scattering
which of the following interactions results in the conversion of matter into energy?
a. modified scattering
b. photoelectric absorption
c. annihilation reaction
d. classical scattering - ANSWER-c. annihilation reaction
CR for AP axial sigmoid? - ANSWER-30-40 degrees cephalic, 2 inches below the ASIS
During the process of coherent scattering, the incident x-ray photon interacts with a(n):
a. atom transferring its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to vibrate momentarily and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
b. single inner shell electron, ejecting it from its orbit
c. single outer shell electron, ejecting it from its orbit
d. scattered photon of lesser energy, annihilating it - ANSWER-a. atom transferring its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to vibrate momentarily and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
Particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have no mass or electric charge are:
a. positrons
b. x-ray photons
c. negatrons
d. ions - ANSWER-b. x-ray photons
The x-ray photon energy required to initiate pair production is:
a. 1.022 MeV
b. 0.511 MeV
c. 1.022 keV
d. 0.511 keV - ANSWER-a. 1.022 MeV
Radiographic density is:
a. not affected by milliampere-seconds (mAs)
b. caused by photodisintegration
c. defined as the degree of overall blackening on a completed radiograph
d. not relevant in the production of a diagnostic radiograph - ANSWER-c. defined as the degree of overall blackening on a completed radiograph
X-rays are carriers of:
a. fluorescent properties that make them visible
b. electrons
c. disease
d. manmade, electromagnetic energy - ANSWER-d. manmade, electromagnetic energy
Differences in density level between radiographic images of adjacent structures as seen in a completed radiograph define:
a. photodisintegration
b. radiographic density
c. image attenuation
d. radiographic contrast - ANSWER-d. radiographic contrast
The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atoms _________.
a. decreases markedly, increases
b. increases markedly, decreases
c. increases markedly, increases
d. stays the same, increases - ANSWER-c.
increases markedly, increases
The symbol Z indicates the:
a. atomic weight of an atom
b. atomic number of an atom
c. number of vacancies in an atomic shell
d. fluorescent yield - ANSWER-b. atomic number of an atom
CR for AP upright KUB? - ANSWER-2-3 inches above the iliac crest
What is the term for the number of x-rays emitted per inner-shell vacancy during the process of photoelectric a [Show Less]