causes of venous thrombosis also called, Virchow's Triad(Answer) Venous stasis, trauma/endothelial damage, hypercoagulability
2. Venous stasis(Answer)
... [Show More] Slowed blood flow in veins. Caused by immobility, myocardial infarction, CHF, hypotension, COPD, obesity, pregnancy, previous DVT, extrinsic compression, SVC syndrome, paraplegia, surgery associated conditions.
3. 2 types of Trauma/endothelial damage(Answer) Intrinsic and extrinsic
4. Intrinsic trauma is(Answer) Damage to the vessel wall from intravenous drugs or a catheter. Increased use of PICC line results in higher incidence of upper extremity thrombus, usually developing at most proximal portion of PICC line.
5. Extrinsic trauma is(Answer) Damage caused by an accident, which can occur at any site of the body.
6. Hypercoagulability is associated with(Answer) Pregnancy, cancer, oral contracep- tives and/or hormone replacement therapy, inherited states,e.g., factor V Leiden or protein C, protein S, or Antithrombin III deficiency
7. Sensitivity, and
How to calculate?(Answer) -Ability of a test to detect disease, how many tests are correctly called positive.
- # of true positives divided by # of all positive tests by gold standard, or TP/TP+FN
8. Specificity, and how to calculate?(Answer) -Ability of a test to identify normality, or how many results were correctly called negative.
- # of true negative divided by # of all negative tests by gold standard, or TN/TN+FP
9. Positive predictive value, and how to calculate?(Answer) -percentage of test results that accurately predict abnormality, or what % correctly predicted disease.
- # of true positive test divided by # of all positive tests, or TP/TP+FP
10. Negative predictive value, and how to calculate?(Answer) - percentage of test results that accurately predict normality, or what % correctly predicted absence of disease.
- # of true negatives divided by # of all negative tests, or TN/TN+FN
11. Accuracy, and how to calculate?(Answer) - % of correct tests, or how well does the test both detect and rule out disease.
- total # of correct tests divided by total # of all tests, or TP+TN/TP+FP+FN+TN
12. Brachiocephalic/ Innominate vien formed from confluence of?(Answer) Sub- clavien and Internal jugular vein
13. Vascular disease more common in women?(Answer) Takayasu's arteritis-tennage to young women more common.
FMD- younger women.
Celiac band syndrome- young athletic women.
14. Vascular disease more common in men?(Answer) Obliteritis angitis(bergers dis- ease)- younger <40 men, heavy smokers.
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome- young athletic men.
15. Celiac artery supplies blood to what organs?(Answer) Stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and spleen.
16. Celiac artery branches into?(Answer) Left gastric, splenic, common hepatic arteries.
17. SMA supplies blood to what organs?(Answer) Small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, part of transverse colon.
18. SMA location?(Answer) 1cm distal to celiac artery.
19. IMA supplies what organs?(Answer) Left half of transverse colon, the descending, iliac, and sigmoid colon, and part of rectum
20. IMA arises from?(Answer) Distal abdominal aorta 3-4cm above aortic bifurcation and can act as a collateral connection.
21. May-Thurner syndrome(Answer) Compression of left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery as the artery crosses over it, increases likelihood of left common iliac deep vein thrombosis.
22. Paget-Schroetter syndrome(Answer) -(Stress or effort thrombosis) thrombosis of subclavien or axillary vein secondary to intense, repetitive activity.
-Associated with motion of upper extremity as seen with heavy lifting or strenuous throwing of a baseball or football.
23. Nutcracker syndrome(Answer) Compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the SMA. [Show Less]