ARDMS practice abdomen 52 Questions with Verified Answers
Which tumor is most commonly seen within the renal collecting system and urinary
... [Show More] bladder?
a. Transitional cell carcinoma
b. Renal cell carcinoma
c. Oncocytoma
d. Wilms Tumor - CORRECT ANSWER Transitional cell carcinoma
What do these sagittal and transverse images of the epigastrium suggest?
a. Pancreatic adenoma
b. Acute pancreatitis
c. Tuberous sclerosis
d. Chronic pancreatitis - CORRECT ANSWER Pancreatic adenoma
What is the most common location for an undescended testis?
a. Region of the kidneys
b. Pubic symphysis
c. Inguinal canal
d. Scrotum - CORRECT ANSWER Inguinal canal
The 61 year-old diabetic male in this image presents with right flank pain. What is the likely cause of the pain?
a. Anderson-Carr kidney (nephrocalcinosis)
b. Obstructive staghorn calculus
c. Renal abscess with mild hydronephrosis
d. Infection - CORRECT ANSWER Obstructive staghorn calculus
The "parallel channel" sign is MOST often associated with what disease process?
a. Hepatitis
b. Cirrhosis
c. Cholangiocarcinoma
d. Liver metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER Cholangiocarcinoma
What is most likely seen in this image of the right kidney?
a. Hematoma
b. Abscess
c. Renal cell carcinoma
d. Urinoma - CORRECT ANSWER Hematoma
What is the upper limit of normal threshold diameter for the appendix using compression techniques?
a. 3 mm
b. 6 mm
c. 9 mm
d. 12 mm - CORRECT ANSWER 6 mm ?
Which condition is commonly associated with renal artery stenosis?
a. Interstitial cystitis
b. Hypertension
c. Hypotension
d. Nephritis - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension
What do these transverse and longitudinal views of the dorsum of the wrist show?
a. Achilles tendon tear
b. Fluid in the tendon sheath
c. Carpal fracture
d. Venous thrombosis - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid in the tendon sheath
What is the most likely diagnosis based on this image of the testicle of a 20 year-old male who presents with pain and swelling for 12 hours?
a. Chronic infarction
b. Torsion
c. Lymphoma
d. Orchitis - CORRECT ANSWER Torsion
Which structure corresponds to the linear echogenic area within the testis in this image?
a. Cremasteric artery
b. Mediastinum testis
c. Appendix testis
d. Epididymis - CORRECT ANSWER Mediastinum testis
What is the most common benign tumor of the liver?
a. Hepatic adenoma
b. Focal nodular hyperplasia
c. Cavernous hemangioma
d. Hepatoma - CORRECT ANSWER Cavernous hemangioma
What is the most common primary testicular tumor associated with cryptorchidism?
a. Seminoma
b. Teratoma
c. Seritoli cell tumor
d. Germ cell tumor - CORRECT ANSWER Seminoma
What is the characteristic appearance of the gallbladder with a Phrygian cap?
a. Anechoic hourglass
b. Body folded onto neck
c. Fundus folded onto body
d. Septated anechoic areas - CORRECT ANSWER Fundus folded onto body
When scanning in a left lateral decubitus position, which vessel is seen posterior to the inferior vena cava?
a. Right renal vein
b. Right renal artery
c. Left renal vein
d. Left renal artery - CORRECT ANSWER Right renal artery
Which scrotal pathology can be confirmed by using the Valsalva maneuver?
a. Torsion
b. Orchitis
c. Varicocele
d. Epididymitis - CORRECT ANSWER Varicocele
Which factor most improves visualization of the needle in an ultrasound-guided biopsy?
a. Use of the needles with a smooth surface
b. Alignment of needle perpendicular to ultrasound beam
c. Needle bevel positioned away from transducer
d. Magnification of the image - CORRECT ANSWER Alignment of the needle perpendicular to ultrasound beam
Where do Klatskin tumors occur?
a. Hepatic duct bifurcation
b. Gallbladder wall
c. Pancreatic duct
d. Renal collecting system - CORRECT ANSWER Hepatic duct bifurcation
Morison pouch is located between which structures?
a. Liver and diaphragm
b. Right kidney and liver
c. Left kidney and spleen
d. Spleen and diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER Right kidney and liver
Which condition is characterized by the presence of small bowel, colon, and/or omentum in the scrotum?
a. Hydrocele
b. Spermatocele
c. Inguinal hernia
d. Femoral hernia - CORRECT ANSWER Inguinal hernia
Which criteria can be used to distinguish a dilated intrahepatic duct from a patent portal vein?
a. Diameter of the structure
b. Internal echoes of the structures
c. Course of the structure adjacent to the hepatic veins
d. Color Doppler interrogation of the structures - CORRECT ANSWER Color Doppler interrogation of the structures
In this transverse scan of the mid abdomen, what is the circular/anechoic structure identified by the arrow?
a. Common bile duct
b. Gastroduodenal artery
c. Left gastric artery
d. Left gastric vein - CORRECT ANSWER Gastroduodenal artery
Which splenic anomaly is characterized by a small rounded structure that is isoechoic to the spleen?
a. Visceral heterotaxy
b. Accessory spleen
c. Retrorenal spleen
d. Asplenia - CORRECT ANSWER Accessory spleen
Elevation of which laboratory value is most suggestive of biliary obstruction?
a. Alanine transaminase (ALT)
b. Aspartate transaminase (AST)
c. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
d. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) - CORRECT ANSWER Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure involves creating a shunt between which two vessels?
a. The superior mesenteric vein and the portal vein
b. The inferior vena can and the hepatic vein
c. The hepatic artery and the portal vein
d. The portal vein and the hepatic vein - CORRECT ANSWER The hepatic vein and portal vein
Which fissure separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
a. Fissure for the ligament venosum
b. Left intersegmental fissure
c. Main lobar fissure
d. Right intersegmental fissure - CORRECT ANSWER Main lobar fissure
Identify the Inferior vena cava - CORRECT ANSWER IVC
Which action would be most diagnostically useful when hydronephrosis is visualized?
a. Insert a Foley catheter
b. Perform a renal Doppler ultrasound
c. Scan patient in the decubitus position
d. Check the bladder for ureteral jets - CORRECT ANSWER Check the bladder for ureteral jets
Identify the common hepatic artery - CORRECT ANSWER HA - SA and CBD - HA
Which transducer would optimize visualization of the liver in an obese patient whose liver cannot be visualized well with a curved transducer?
a. Annular array
b. Single element
c. Sector phased
d. Linear sequential - CORRECT ANSWER Annular array
Which factor is the most likely cause of the low-level echoes seen within the gallbladder in this transverse image?
a. Side lobe artifact
b. Reverberation artifact
c. Excessive gain
d. Biliary sludge - CORRECT ANSWER Side lobe artifact
Which kidney findings is demonstrated in this image?
a. Renal papillary necrosis
b. Chronic pyelonephritis
c. Staghorn calculus
d. Nephrocalcinosis - CORRECT ANSWER Nephrocalcinosis
Which disease process is most often associated with the parallel channel sign?
a. Portal lymphadenopathy
b. Cholangiocarcinoma
c. Hepatitis
d. Cirrhosis - CORRECT ANSWER Cholangicarcinoma
Which laboratory value decreases in hepatocellular disease?
a. Indirect bilirubin
b. Albumin
c. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
d. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) - CORRECT ANSWER Albumin
Where are valves of Heister located?
a. Cystic duct
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Pancreatic duct
d. Hepatic veins - CORRECT ANSWER Cystic duct
Which term describes a color Doppler artifact that is seen posterior to a strong reflecting surface?
a. Noise
b. Aliasing
c. Twinkle
d. Shadow - CORRECT ANSWER Twinkle
Which term best describes the flow of the red color-coded vessel in this image?
a. Hepatofugal
b. Retrograde
c. Hepatopetal
d. Stenotic - CORRECT ANSWER Hepatopetal
Which structure is indicated by the arrow in this image obtained in the longitudinal plane?
a. Right renal vein
b. Common bile duct
c. Hepatic artery
d. Right renal artery - CORRECT ANSWER Right renal vein ?
Which medication contraindicates performing an ultrasound-guided biopsy?
a. Acetaminophen
b. Thrombin
c. Heparin
d. Insulin - CORRECT ANSWER Heparin
A patient presents with cholangiocarcinoma at the level of the common hepatic duct. Which ultrasound finding is most likely associated with this diagnosis?
a. Dilated cystic duct
b. Dilated gallbladder
c. Dilated common bile duct
d. Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts - CORRECT ANSWER Dilated cystic duct
During an immediate postoperative liver transplant ultrasound exams, which finding requires an urgent notification the physician?
a. Biloma
b. Hematoma
c. Hepatic arterial occlusion
d. Monophasic portal vein flow - CORRECT ANSWER Hepatic arterial occlusion
Which statement describes the caudate lobe?
a. It is located between the inferior vena cava and the portal vein
b. It receives its blood supply from the right portal vein
c. It drains directly into the middle hepatic vein
d. It is anterior to the ligamentum venosum - CORRECT ANSWER It receives its blood supply from the right portal vein
Which disease process is characterized by a stone in the cystic duct, common hepatic duct dilation, intrahepatic ductal dilation, normal common bile duct, jaundice, pain, and fever?
a. Caroli disease
b. Cholangitis
c. Charcot triad
d. Mirizzi syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Mirizzi syndrome
The ligamentum venosum appears as an echogenic band. Which portion of the liver does it divide?
a. Right and left lobes
b. Right lobe into anterior and posterior segments
c. Left lobe into medial and lateral segments
d. Left lobe from the caudate lobe - CORRECT ANSWER Left lobe from the caudate lobe
Which velocity information does color Doppler imaging provide?
a. Maximum
b. Average
c. Spectral
d. Minimum - CORRECT ANSWER Average
What complication postoperative liver transplant is described as hypoechoic areas within liver and small highly echogenic flecks with dirty shadowing? - CORRECT ANSWER Infarct
An ultrasound exam demonstrates a round anechoic mass located high in the neck. Which condition is most likely associated with this finding?
a.Thyroglossal duct cyst
b. Branchial cleft cyst
c. Lymph node
d. Adenoma - CORRECT ANSWER Thyroglossal duct cyst
Which clinical presentation is associated with an elevated direct bilirubin?
a. Hair loss
b. Jaundice
c. Positive Murphy sign
d. Rebound tenderness - CORRECT ANSWER Jaundice
Which term defines hyperplasia of the thyroid?
a. Goiter
b. Anaplasia
c. Thyroiditis
d. Graves disease - CORRECT ANSWER Graves disease
Which condition is suggested by intrahepatic ductal dilation and an inability to visualize the common hepatic duct in the neonate?
a. Interposition of the gallbladder
b. Choledochal cyst
c. Biliary atresia
d. Cholangitis - CORRECT ANSWER Biliary atresia
Which structure is seen adjacent to the thyroid with an anechoic appearance that collapses?
a. Common carotid artery
b. Esophagus
c. Internal Jugular vein
d. Longus colli muscle - CORRECT ANSWER Internal Jugular vein
Which collateral pathway of the left renal vein should be evaluated for characteristics and direction of blood flow in a patient with anterior nutcracker syndrome?
a. Superior mesenteric vein
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Gonadal vein
d. Splenic vein - CORRECT ANSWER Gonadal vein [Show Less]