01 1 Outline the relationship between the water cycle and the carbon
cycle in the atmosphere.
Point marked
Allow 1 mark per valid point with extra
... [Show More] mark(s) for developed points (d).
For example:
Notes for answers
Increasing concentrations of carbon (and Methane) in the atmosphere
has a warming effect on the planet and leads to increased evaporation
(1). This can increase rates of precipitation or equally higher rates of
evaporation can further exacerbate aridity (1) (d).
Volcanic eruptions release both carbon dioxide and water vapour into
the atmosphere (1).
Photosynthesis requires both precipitation and carbon dioxide (1).
Decomposition releases carbon dioxide and requires the presence of
water (1). Some may link this to the melting of permafrost, which is a
significant contributor to CO2 release (1) (d).
Some may consider the acid rain as an outcome of the relationship
between water and carbon on the atmosphere (1). This may be further
linked to ocean acidification (1) (d).
The notes for answers are not exhaustive. Credit any valid points.
4
AO1=4
01 2 Analyse the data shown in Figure 1.
AO3 – There should be clear analysis of the relationships evident in the
resource. Analysis should consider the relationship between forest
cover, land surface temperature and latitude.
Mark scheme
Level 2 (4–6 marks)
AO3 – Clear analysis of the quantitative evidence provided, which makes
appropriate use of data in support. Clear connection(s) between different
aspects of the data and evidence.
Level 1 (1–3 marks)
AO3 – Basic analysis of the quantitative evidence provided, which makes
limited use of data and evidence in support. Basic connection(s)
between different aspects of the data and evidence.
6
AO3=6
AA Level 2022 Geography Paper 1
5
Notes for answers
AO3
Afforestation is more likely to lead to a reduction in land surface
temperature. The most extreme temperature decreases can be seen
where temperatures fall by up to 1.7oC at latitudes -25oS and a
reduction in 50–70% surface cover.
Some obvious anomalies exist eg at 5oS, 10%–30% afforestation
appears to lead to a small temperature increase. Similarly at around
40os, up to 50% afforestation leads to temperature decrease but at
60% afforestation, temperatures appear to increase. The highest
latitudes also tend to see temperature increases with afforestation,
more so in the northern hemisphere, though here data extends to
75oN, compared to only 55oS.
The pattern is arguably less predictable for deforestation. As a
generalisation increasing deforestation leads to higher land surface
temperatures with figures up to 1.7oC noted between 15oN and 15oS.
Between 55 and 75oN, almost any deforestation leads to temperature
decrease and at around 45oN, with 70% decrease in forest, there is a
significant drop in land surface temperature.
Some may note the lack of data particularly between 25oN and 15oS.
This does make it more difficult to identify patterns within the data at
these latitudes and also makes it more difficult to compare latitudes.
Some may consider deforestation in isolation and look for variation in
patterns here. This is creditworthy at Level 1.
Credit any other valid analysis.
01 3 Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, assess the implications of
the data for attempts to manage carbon transfers.
AO1 – Knowledge and understanding of the carbon cycle.
AO2 – Application of knowledge to show how effective understanding
and managing carbon transfers can impact upon carbon storage.
Mark scheme
Level 2 (4–6 marks)
AO1 – Demonstrates clear knowledge and understanding of concepts,
processes, interactions and change.
AO2 – Applies knowledge and understanding to the novel situation
offering clear evaluation and analysis drawn appropriately from the
context provided. Connections and relationships between different
aspects of study are evident with cle [Show Less]