AQA
AS
HISTORY
7041/1C
The Tudors: England, 1485–1603
Component 1C Consolidation of the Tudor Dynasty:
England, 1485–1547
Version: 1.0
... [Show More] Final
IB/M/Jun23/E3 7042/2Q
A-level
HISTORY
Component 2Q The American Dream: reality and illusion, 1945–1980
Friday 9 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7042/2Q.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
2
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2Q
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Source A
From a report of a speech by Jesse Jackson to the Republican Party, in the
New York Times, 21 January 1978. This left-leaning newspaper is renowned for high
journalistic standards.
‘Blacks will vote Republican if Republicans will go after their votes and look after their
interests’, the Rev Jesse L Jackson told the Republican National Committee today. A
standing ovation greeted the message from the Chicago‐based civil rights leader, who
had been invited before the committee as part of an effort by the Republican national
chairman, Bill Brock, to reverse the devastating decline in the party’s share of black
votes. Mr Jackson preached self‐help and warned of moral decay, even as he invited
Republican competition for black votes and argued that blacks should register as
Republicans so they could, ‘broaden our political options and avoid being taken for
granted by the Democrats’. Mr Jackson said that the Republicans had lost some black
votes in 1976, perhaps enough to cost them the election, ‘because they simply did not go
after them’. He warned, ‘The Republican Party needs black people if it is to ever
compete for national office – or, in fact, to keep it from becoming an extinct party’.
5
10
Source B
From an article in the Christian Science Monitor, 26 August 1980. This newspaper had a
reputation for being non-religious and non-sensationalist. It won five Pulitzer prizes
between 1945 and 1980.
It is extraordinary that the Ku Klux Klan has resurfaced to the point that America’s main
political parties have had to reject it. Klan membership has risen from 6 500 to 10 500 in
the past five years and, in June, over 32 300 southern Californians voted for Klansman,
Tom Metzger, who campaigned to aid ‘white working people’, as the Democratic nominee
for the 43rd congressional district. Local Democrat officials renounced their support
saying, ‘he is against everything the Democratic Party stands for’. Next it was the
Republicans’ turn to try to avoid guilt by association with the Klan. The problem arose
when the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, the biggest, most militant Klan group, endorsed
Ronald Reagan declaring ‘the Republican platform reads as if it were written by a
Klansman’, citing such points as Reagan’s opposition to gun control, generous welfare
payments and to ‘forced busing’. Mr Reagan rejected the endorsement, saying, ‘I have
no tolerance for the Klan and I want nothing to do with it’.
5
10
3
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2Q Turn over ►
Source C
From a US Population Bulletin on 1980, published by a commercial non-profit
organisation, December 1982. This academic organisation specialised in compiling
statistics on the health and structure of populations.
Blacks numbered 11.7% of the total population in 1980, with 85% residing in urban areas
compared to 71% of whites. Some suburbanization is occurring among blacks but the
majority remain segregated in cities. In the 1970s, more blacks moved into the South
than moved out in a reversal of the historic pattern. Blacks have shared the baby boom
but teenage and out-of-wedlock fertility, as well as overall fertility, remain much higher
than for whites. Black infant mortality is still double that of whites and life expectancy is
6 years shorter. Divorce and separation have risen faster for blacks than whites. Many
of these gaps are related to blacks’ continuing socio-economic disadvantages: average
family income is 56% that of whites; the poverty rate is 3.5 times higher; unemployment
is twice as high. Occupational status has improved for blacks and their educational
attainment is now close to that of whites, but these gains may be slowed and income
differentials unimproved if the current administration’s reversal of socio-economic policy
remains unchanged.
5
10
0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context,
assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the position of
African-Americans in US society in the years 1978 to 1980.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
4
IB/M/Jun23/7042/2Q
Section B
Answer two questions.
0 2 ‘The biggest problem facing Truman in the first three years of his Presidency was
dealing with the economic legacy of the war.’ [Show Less]