AQA A-LEVEL SOCIOLOGY 7192/2 Paper 2 Topics in Sociology Mark scheme
June Version: 1.0 Final Exam With Complete Solutions
Benefit Cheats - People
... [Show More] who claim Welfare they're not entitled to
Bureaucracy - A system of government in which most of the important
decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected
representatives.
Caste System - a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a
person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in
society
Childhood - the stage of life that follows infancy and spans the period from
the second birthday to the beginning of adolescence
Chivalry Thesis - The belief that the police and courts, because they are
male dominated, are easier on women
Class alignment - Suggests a connection between voters' class positions
and their voting preferences.
Class deal - A deal that offers women material rewards such as consumer
goods in return for working for a wage
Class dealignment - The decline in the relationship between social class and
voting
Constituancy - a group of citizens who can elect reprisentatives to
government positions; a group of supporters
control theory - A view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our
connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to
society's norms.
Absolute Poverty - The point at which a household's income falls below the
necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members
Achieved Status - A social position that a person attains largely through his
or her own efforts
aging population - A demographic trend that occurs as the average age of a
population rises
Agencies of Formal Social Control - Agencies of the state such as the police
force that exercise control over people based on laws.
Agencies Of Informal Social Control - Groups and organisations such as the
Workplace and the family that control people's behaviour based on social
processes such as approval.
Anomie - a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no
longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation;
normlessness
Alienation - Under capitalism workers become cut off from their work
because they have no control over the production or products of their
labour.
Anti-social behaviour - Any behaviour that is disruptive or harmful to the
wellbeing or property of another person or to the functioning of a group or
society.
Ascribed Status - A social position assigned to a person by society without
regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics.
Authority - the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce
obedience.
Corporate Crime - the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its
behalf
Crime - A violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority
applies formal penalties.
Crime Rate - A measure of the incidence of crime expressed as the number
of crimes per unit of population or some other base.
criminal justice system - the system of police, courts, and prisons set up to
deal with people who are accused of having committed a crime
Criminal Subculture - in Cloward and Ohlin's theory, the subculture that
emerges in areas where criminal role models and financially rewarding
crimes are available; offenders tend to focus on using criminal means to
make money
Crisis of masculinity - The idea that men's perception of what a man is and
how he ought to behave has been undermined by social and economic
changes.
dark figure of crime - Crime that is not reported to the police and that
remains unknown to officials. [Show Less]