Magnetic fields
force on a current πΉ = π΅π΅π΅
force on a moving charge πΉ = π΅π΅π΅
magnetic flux Π€ = π΅π΅
magnetic flux linkage
... [Show More] πΠ€ = π΅π΅π΅ cos π
magnitude of induced emf π = π
ΞΠ€
Ξπ‘
πΠ€ = π΅π΅π΅ cos π
emf induced in a rotating coil π = π΅π΅π΅π΅ sin π t
alternating current πΌrms = πΌ0
β2
πrms = π0
β2
transformer equations
πs
πp
=
πs
πp
efficiency = πΌsπs
πΌpπ
p
Nuclear physics
inverse square law for Ξ³ radiation πΌ = π
π₯2
radioactive decay Ξπ
Ξπ‘ = β π π, π = πoeβππ
activity π΄ = ππ
half-life πΒ½ = ln 2
π
nuclear radius π
= π
0 π΄1/3
energy-mass equation πΈ = ππ2
OPTIONS
Astrophysics
1 astronomical unit = 1.50 Γ 1011 m
1 light year = 9.46 Γ 1015 m
1 parsec = 2.06 Γ 105 AU = 3.08 Γ 1016 m
= 3.26 ly
Hubble constant, π» = 65 km sβ1 Mpcβ1
π = πππππ π π π π π π π π π ππ πππππ ππ πππ
πππππ π π π π π π π π π ππ ππππππ ππ π’π’π’π’π’π’π’ πππ
telescope in normal
adjustment π = π0
πe
Rayleigh criterion π β π
π·
magnitude equation π β π = 5 log
π
10
Wienβs law πmax π = 2.9 Γ 10β3 m K
Stefanβs law π = πππ4
Schwarzschild radius π
s β 2
2
c
GM
Doppler shift for v << c
Ξπ
π = β Ξπ
π = π£
π
red shift π§ = β π£
π
Hubbleβs law π£ = π»π»
Medical physics
lens equations π = 1
π
π = π£
π’
1
π = 1
π’
+
1
π£
threshold of hearing πΌ0 = 1.0 Γ 10β12 W mβ2
intensity level πππππππππ πππππ = 10 log
πΌ
πΌ0
absorption πΌ = πΌ0πβππ
πm = π
π
ultrasound imaging π = π π
πΌr
πΌi
= οΏ½
π2β π1
π2+ π1
οΏ½
2
half-lives
1
πE
= 1
πB
+ 1
πP
AQA A-LEVEL PHYSICS DATA AND FORMULAE
Version 1.7 5
Engineering physics
moment of inertia πΌ = Ξ£ππ2
angular kinetic energy πΈπ = 1
2 πΌπΌ2
equations of angular
motion π2 = π1 + πΌ π‘
π2
2 = π1
2 + 2πΌπΌ
π = π1π‘ +
πΌπΌ2
2
π = (π1 + π2) π‘
2
torque π = πΌ πΌ
π = πΉ π
angular momentum πππππππ ππππππππ = πΌπΌ
angular impulse πΞπ‘ = Ξ(πΌπΌ)
work done π = ππ
power π = ππ
thermodynamics π = Ξπ + π
π = πΞπ
adiabatic change πππΎ = constant
isothermal change ππ = constant
heat engines
efficiency =
π
πH
= πH β πC
πH
maximum theoretical
efficiency =
πH β πC
πH
work done per cycle = area of loop
input power = calorific value Γ fuel flow rate
indicated power = (ππππ ππ π β π ππππ)
Γ (ππππππ ππ ππππππ πππ π π π π π π )
Γ (ππππππ ππ πππππππππ)
output or brake power π = ππ
friction power = πππππππππ πππππ β πππππ πππππ
heat pumps and refrigerators
refrigerator: πΆπΆπΆref =
πC
π = πC
πHβ πC
heat pump: πΆπΆπΆhp = πH
π = πH
πHβ πC
Turning points in physics
electrons in fields πΉ = ππ
π
πΉ = π΅π΅π΅
π = ππ
π΅π΅
Β½ ππ2 = ππ
Millikanβs experiment ππ
π = ππ
πΉ = 6ππππ
Maxwellβs formula π = 1
οΏ½π0π0
π = β
π = β
β2πππ
special relativity π‘ = π‘0
οΏ½1 β π£2
π2
π = π0 οΏ½1 β π£2
π2
πΈ = π π2 = π0π2
οΏ½1 β π£2
π2
Electronics
resonant frequency π0 = 1
2π βπΏπΏ
Q-factor π = π0
πB
operational amplifiers:
open loop πout = π΄OL(π+ β πβ)
inverting amplifier πout
πin
= β π
f
π
in
non-inverting amplifier πout
πin
= 1 +
π
f
π
l
summing amplifier πout = βπ
f οΏ½
π1
π
1
+
π2
π
2
+
π3
π
3
+ β― οΏ½
difference amplifier πout = (π+ β πβ)
π
f
π
l
Bandwidth requirement:
for AM ππππππππβ = 2πM
for FM ππππππππβ = 2(βπ + πM) [Show Less]