AQA
A-level
HISTORY
7042/1F
Component 1F Industrialisation and the people: Britain,
c1783-1885
Version: 1.0 Final
IB/M/Jun23/E5
... [Show More] 7042/1F
A-level
HISTORY
Component 1F Industrialisation and the people: Britain, c1783–1885
Wednesday 24 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7042/1F.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
2
IB/M/Jun23/7042/1F
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
Industrialisation quickly broke up traditional social patterns which had existed for
centuries. Living conditions in industrial towns, even more than working conditions,
created new and terrifying problems. The new urban environment, affecting a steadily
rising proportion of the nation, brought problems of poor living conditions and of social
controls, just as much as factory employment brought the problems of discipline and
regularity in work. Industrialists solved their problems more efficiently than local
government, police and public administrators solved theirs.
However, the evidence of bad conditions of work and life compiled by government
commissions and reformers did show a determination to get things changed. The
self-help movement appeared from the 1830s as a spontaneous phenomenon, with the
rapid creation of societies to implement it – even though these ideas had been preached
by the upper classes to the poor for a very long time. By the 1850s, two-thirds of the
employed population in Lancashire were on the books of such organisations.
Adapted from P Mathias, The First Industrial Nation, an Economic History of Britain,
1700–1914, 1969
5
10
Extract B
The Industrial Revolution brought both social and economic changes. Fear of
redundancy hung over the working population, who were forced to accept harsher work
discipline. The employer acknowledged no responsibility to care for his workers. Some
workers hoped for improvement in their economic conditions through legislation. Having
been excluded from the franchise in the 1832 Reform Act they turned to political
movements, particularly during times of depression. However, the number of people
actively engaged in political movements was small. Drink, cruel sports or evangelical
religion probably attracted larger and more permanent bodies of supporters. Perhaps the
greatest change brought by industrialisation was the movement to form combinations
among workers with a view to improving their wages and conditions of employment. But
the idea of a union as a permanent body with a national membership and a defined
strategy was to emerge only slowly. Employers were hostile to unions, and many
potential union leaders were distracted by the variety of other social and political
campaigns in the years 1832 to 1860.
Adapted from R Tames, Economy and Society in Nineteenth Century Britain, 1972
5
10
3
IB/M/Jun23/7042/1F Turn over ►
Extract C
In the 1830s, there were many urban workers, but most people still lived and worked in
the countryside. It was not until after 1851 that the majority of the British population was
urban. Society did not change very much before the middle of the century, even if jobs,
such as metal-working and engineering, had altered radically by the 1850s.
Communities generally handled the impact of new working and living conditions easily,
and the move towards an urban society was slow and smooth. An important theme of
the mid-nineteenth century was the balance between social continuity and economic
innovation and change. The economy and society of the 1830s were not greatly
changed by 1860. Factory industry and urban concentrations were present, but did not
completely replace the familiar world of farm and workshop, village and small town.
Because of this, it made sense to leave authority in the hands which had held it for
generations, those of landowners, clergy, lawyers, and merchants. Society did not
experience a disastrous social revolution.
Adapted from F Thompson, The Rise of Respectable Society: A Social History of
Victorian Britain 1830–1900, 1988
5
10
0 1 Using your understanding of the historical context, assess how convincing the
arguments in these three extracts are in relation to the changes caused by
industrialisation in the years 1832 to 1860.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
4
IB/M/Jun23/7042/1F
Section B
Answer two questions.
0 2 ‘Pitt’s main achievement, in the years 1783 to 1806, was to reform the administration of
government.’
Assess the validity of this view.
[25 marks]
0 3 ‘In the years 1812 to 1832, governments were only concerned with the need to limit
disorder.’
Assess the validity of this view.
[25 marks]
0 4 How successfully did the Conservatives deal with the political and economic
challenges they faced in the years 1832 to 1868?
[25 marks]
END OF QUESTIONS
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*236A7042/1F*
A-level
HISTORY
7042/1F
Component 1F Industrialisation and the people: Britain, c1783-1885
Mark scheme
June 2023
Version: 1.0 Final
*236A7042/1F/MS*
MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL HISTORY – 7042/1F – JUNE 2023
2
Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are d [Show Less]