What are monomers?
Monomers are small units which are the components of larger molecules.
What are polymers?
Polymers are molecules made from
... [Show More] many monomers joined together.
What are examples of monomers?
Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides
What are examples of polymers?
Polysaccharides, polypeptides and polynucleotides
What reaction allows two monomers to bond together?
A condensation reaction allows two monomers to be joined together by a chemical bond, releasing a water molecule.
What reaction breaks the chemical bond between two molecules?
A hydrolysis reaction allows the chemical bond to break between two molecules and this happens due to the addition of water.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are molecules which consist only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What is the small unit that makes up a carbohydrate.
Monosaccharides
What is formed when two monosaccharides go through condensation reaction?
A disaccharide is formed.
What is the special bond that is formed during the condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
A glycosidic bond
What is formed when many monosaccharides go through condensation reaction?
A polysaccharide is formed.
What are examples of monosaccharides?
- Glucose (α-glucose and β glucose)
- Galactose
- Fructose
What is the structure of both α-glucose and β glucose?
They both have 6 carbon atoms, α-glucose has its OH group attached at the bottom right and β glucose has its OH group attached at the top right.
Which disaccharide is formed when two α-glucose molecules join together?
Maltose
Which disaccharide is formed when a glucose molecule and fructose join together?
Sucrose
Which disaccharide is formed when a glucose molecule and galactose join together?
Lactose
What are the three polysaccharides that are formed from glucose monomers?
- Glycogen (formed by the condensation of α-glucose)
- Starch (formed by the condensation of α-glucose)
- Cellulose (formed by the condensation of β glucose)
What is starch?
Starch is what plants store as excess glucose. When plants require glucose for respiration and energy, starch is broken down into glucose.
What mixture does starch consist of?
Amylose and Amylopectin
Describe the structure of starch?
Amylose is a long, unbranched chain of α-glucose molecules. Due to its specific glycosidic bonding, its shape becomes coiled, which makes it very compact.
Amylopectin is a long, branched chain of α-glucose molecules. It has got many side branches on it. [Show Less]