Mayflower Compact - ANS-1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It
was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government
... [Show More] for the Plymouth
colony.
William Bradford - ANS-A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-
1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He
helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.
Pilgrims and Puritans contrasted - ANS-The Pilgrims were separatists who believed that
the Church of England could not be reformed. Separatist groups were illegal in England,
so the Pilgrims fled to America and settled in Plymouth. The Puritans were nonseparatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England. They received
a right to settle in the Massachusetts Bay area from the King of England.
Massachusetts Bay Colony - ANS-1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to
settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established
political freedom and a representative government.
Cambridge Agreement - ANS-1629 - The Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts
Bay Company agreed to emigrate to New England on the condition that they would
have control of the government of the colony.
Puritan migration - ANS-Many Puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630s
and 1640s. During this time, the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to
ten times its earlier population.
Church of England (Anglican Church) - ANS-The national church of England, founded
by King Henry VIII. It included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas.
John Winthrop (1588-1649), his beliefs - ANS-1629 - He became the first governor of
the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A
Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony
was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New
England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president.
Separatists, non-separatists - ANS-Non-separatists (which included the Puritans)
believed that the Church of England could be purified through reforms. Separatists
(which included the Pilgrims) believed that the Church of England could not be
reformed, and so started their own congregations.
Calvinism - ANS-Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral
code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a personwould be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional
representative government and the separation of church and state.
Congregational Church, Cambridge Platform - ANS-The Congregational Church was
founded by separatists who felt that the Church of England retained too many Roman
Catholic beliefs and practices. The Pilgrims were members of the Congregational
Church. The Cambridge Platform stressed morality over church dogma.
Contrast Puritan colonies with others - ANS-Puritan colonies were self-governed, with
each town having its own government which led the people in strict accordance with
Puritan beliefs. Only those members of the congregation who had achieved grace and
were full church members (called the "elect," or "saints") could vote and hold public
office. Other colonies had different styles of government and were more open to
different beliefs.
Anne Hutchinson, Antinomianism - ANS-She preached the idea that God communicated
directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave
Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New
Hampshire in 1639.
Roger Williams, Rhode Island - ANS-1635 - He left the Massachusetts colony and
purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island.
Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.
Covenant theology - ANS-Puritan teachings emphasized the biblical covenants: God's
covenants with Adam and with Noah, the covenant of grace between God and man
through Christ [Show Less]