Fat-Soluble Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-Dissolve in fats; resistant to heat; not often
destroyed by cooking and/or food processing. Includes Vitamins A,
... [Show More] D, E and K.
Vitamin A - CORRECT ANSWER-An antioxidant necessary for synthesis of visual
pigments, mucoproteins, and mucopolysaccharides; for normal development of bones
and teeth; and for maintenance of epithelial cells.
Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER-Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus;
promotes development of teeth and bones.
Vitamin E - CORRECT ANSWER-An antioxidant; prevents oxidation of Vitamin A and
polyunsaturated fatty acids; my help maintain stability of cell membranes.
Vitamin K - CORRECT ANSWER-Required for synthesis of prothrombin, which
functions in blood clotting.
Water-Soluble Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER-B Vitamins and Vitamin C; Cooking and
food processing destroy some of them; B vitamins are essential for normal cellular
metabolism; most are coenzymes in metabolic reactions of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins.
Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER-Inorganic elements that are essential in metabolism;
Obtained from plant foods or animals that have eaten plants; make up ~4% of body
weight.
Major Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER-Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur,
Sodium, Chlorine, and Magnesium.
Calcium - CORRECT ANSWER-Structure of bones and teeth; essential for
neurotransmitter release, muscle fiber contraction, the cardiac action potential, and
blood coagulation; activates certain enzymes.
Phosphorus - CORRECT ANSWER-Structures of bones and teeth; component of nearly
all metabolic reactions; in nucleic acids, many proteins, some enzymes, and some
vitamins; in cell membrane, ATP, and phosphates of body fluids.
Potassium - CORRECT ANSWER-Helps maintain intracellular osmotic pressure and
regulates pH; required for impulse conduction in neurons.
Sodium - CORRECT ANSWER-Helps maintain osmotic pressure of extracellular fluids;
regulates water movement; plays a role in impulse conduction in neurons; regulate pH
and transport of substances across cell membranes.
Sulfur - CORRECT ANSWER-Essential part of certain amino acids, thiamine, insulin,
biotin, and mucopolysaccharides.
Chlorine - CORRECT ANSWER-Helps maintain osmotic pressure of extracellular fluids;
regulates pH; maintains electrolyte balance; forms hydrochloric acid; aids transport of
carbon dioxide by red blood cells.
Magnesium - CORRECT ANSWER-Required in metabolic reactions in mitochondria
that produce ATP; plays a role in the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
Trace Elements - CORRECT ANSWER-Also called microminerals; Include: Iron,
Manganese, Copper, Iodine, Cobalt, Zinc, Fluorine, Selenium, and Chromium.
Iron - CORRECT ANSWER-Part of hemoglobin molecule; assists in Vitamin A
synthesis; incorporated into a number of enzymes.
Manganese - CORRECT ANSWER-Part of enzymes required for fatty acids and
cholesterol synthesis; urea formation, and normal functioning of the nervous system.
Copper - CORRECT ANSWER-Essential for hemoglobin synthesis, bone development,
melanin production, and myelin formation.
Iodine - CORRECT ANSWER-Essential component for synthesis of thyroid hormone.
Cobalt - CORRECT ANSWER-Component of cyanocobalamin; required for synthesis of
several enzymes.
Zinc - CORRECT ANSWER-Component of enzymes involved in digestion, respiration,
bone metabolism, liver metabolism; necessary for normal wound (healing and
maintaining integrity of skin).
Fluorine - CORRECT ANSWER-Component of tooth enamel.
Selenium - CORRECT ANSWER-Component of certain enzymes.
Chromium - CORRECT ANSWER-Essential for use of carbohydrates [Show Less]