ENDOCRINE
- Acanthosis nigricans: a skin condition characterized by dark velvety patches in the body
folds and creases. Typically noted in patients who
... [Show More] are obese or have diabetes.
- Cushing’s disease: presents with striae, skin atrophy, purpura, ecchymosis, telangiectasia,
acne, MOON face, BUFFALO hump, or hypertrichosis.
- Addison’s disease: also known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism, is a
long term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate steroid
hormones. Hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membranes is usually seen, symptoms
include fatigue, anorexia, chronic diarrhea, salt craving, mucosal pigmentation, and hair
loss. Lab tests for adrenal function show a subnormal rise in cortisol levels
- Hairy leukoplakia: usually in patients who have AIDS, thickened white patches in the
mouth, precancerous.
- Cystic fibrosis: a sweat test measures the amount of sodium and chloride in sweat and is
used to diagnose. CF patients have 2 to 5 times the normal amount of sodium and
chloride in their sweat.
- Adrenarche: early presence of pubic hair in girls aged 5 to 8 years old.
- Hypertrichosis: an abnormal amount of hair growth over the body.
- Thelarche: onset of female breast development.
- Adrenal hyperplasia: excess production of male sex hormones that results in short height,
early puberty and in females, abnormal genital development.
- Gigantism: abnormally high linear growth due to the excessive action of insulin-like
growth factor (IGF-I) while the epiphyseal growth plates are open during childhood.
- Acromegaly: same disorder of IGF-I but occurs after the growth plate cartilage fuses in
adulthood.
- Prolactinoma: a benign tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland that produces excessive
prolactin resulting in decreased levels of some sex hormones.
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a group of autosomal recessive disorders, each of which
involves a deficiency of an enzyme involved in the synthesis or cortisol, aldosterone, or
both.
- Precocious puberty: puberty that begins before age 8 in girls and before age 9 in boys.
- Gynecomastia: swelling of the breast tissue in boys or men.
- Adrenarche: early presence of pubic hair in girls aged 5 to 8 years old.
- Hirsutism: excess hair in women with excess hair growth of terminal hair in a male
pattern.
- Androgenetic alopecia: genetically determined disorder characterized by the gradual
conversion of terminal hairs into indeterminate and finally vellus hairs.
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: cold intolerance,, hair loss, and decreased perspiration.
- Lack of parathyroid hormone leads to decreased blood levels of CA and increased levels
lOMoARcPSD|22789381
of phosphorus and can lead to tetany. [Show Less]