APEA 3P Exam Prep- Cardiovascular
(a study set for the APEA 3P exam taken in the third "P" course of Post University's
MSN-FNP degree
... [Show More] program).
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Which patient could be expected to have the highest systolic blood pressure?
A 21-year-old male
A 50-year-old perimenopausal female
A 35-year-old patient with Type 2 diabetes
A 75-year-old male - Answer D.
Nearly 25% of the US population has hypertension. The greatest incidence is in older adults
because of changes in the intima of vessels as aging and calcium deposition occur. Males of any
age are more likely to be hypertensive than females of the same age. African American adults
have the highest incidence in the general population. Among adolescents, African Americans
and Hispanics have the highest rates. Hypertension occurs in 5-10% of pregnancies.
Mrs. Brandy is having contrast dye next week for a heart catheterization. What drug does NOT
need to be stopped prior to her catheterization?
Naproxen
Furosemide
Metformin
Losartan - Answer D.
Naproxen and furosemide should be stopped for 24 hours prior to the catheterization.
Metformin should be stopped 48 hours prior to the catheterization. Furosemide is stopped
because it contributes to volume depletion. NSAIDs like naproxen are withheld because of the
impact on renal prostaglandin production. Metformin has been implicated in lactic acidosis
when combined with contrast dye in an impaired kidney.
In older adults, the three most common ailments are:
hearing loss, vision loss, hypertension.
hearing loss, hypertension, arthritis.
depression, vision loss, hypertension.
arthritis, hearing loss, depression. - Answer B.
Hypertension and arthritis are the two most common ailments in older adults. Hearing loss
occurs in half to almost 2/3 of older adults. The most common form is known as presbycusis.
There is no consensus for the frequency of screening for hearing loss in older patients, but
minimally, it should be grossly evaluated at each visit and screened more thoroughly if deficits
are observed. Blood pressure should be screened annually, but it is usually screened at each
visit. Arthritis is not routinely screened.
Mr. Holbrook, a 75-year-old male, is a former smoker with a 30-pack-year history. He has
come in today for an annual exam. He walks daily for 25 minutes, has had intentional weight
loss, and has a near-normal BMI. On examination, the patient is noted to have an absence of
hair growth on his lower legs. Which statement is true regarding this patient?
This is a normal consequence of aging.
This might indicate disease in the lower extremities.
It might be from exercise initiation.
This is secondary to long-term smoking. - Answer B. [Show Less]