AP2- Exam 3 Digestive & Nutrition KEISER Sp20
AP2- Exam 3
Digestive & Nutrition
KEISER Sp20
1. The digestive system is lined with 2-3
... [Show More] distinct bands of smooth muscle and the wavelike motion of contraction that aids to mix digestive secretions & food is called:
a. Peristalsis c. Digestion
b. Hydrolysis d. Segmentation
2. True or False: The small intestine’s ability to twist & churn is due to the contraction of the extra oblique muscle layer.
a. True b. False
3. Which of the following is MOST involved in the mechanical breakdown of food, chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients?
a. the stomach c. the esophagus
b. the oral cavity d. the duodenum
4. Bile salts break up larger fat globules into smaller fat droplets called & this
role of bile salts is best described as:
a. Micelles, lipid digestion c. Micelles, lipid emulsification
b. Chylomicrons, lipid emulsification d. Chylomicrons, lipid hydrolysis
5. A doctor consulting a patient that recently has had their appendix removed would likely advise what permanent lifestyle or dietary changes?
a. Low to no carb diet c. Increase salt intake
b. Fewer, but larger meals d. No significant changes
6. A ruptured appendix is a true life threatening medical emergency because:
a. It is likely to cause severe internal bleeding
b. It is likely to cause massive infection of the abdominopelvic cavity
c. Will cause an immune deficiency in the digestive system
d. The colon will no longer be able to receive material from the small intestine
7. Select the description below that does NOT reflect a role of stomach acid.
a. Absorbs proteins broken down via proteinase enzymes & high pH
b. Harmful bacteria will be prevented entry to the small intestine by stomach acid.
c. Acid catabolically breaks down food stuffs in preparation for absorption. d. Low pH converts pepsinogen to its active form preventing auto-digestion.
8. Fat digestion & absorption is a multi-step process throughout the digestive tract, resulting in fatty acids carried in the blood in the form of:
a. Chylomicrons c. Acetyl Co-A
b. Triglycerides d. Citric Acid
9. Which of the following key portions of cellular metabolism & synthesis of ATP does
NOT take place in the cell’s mitochondria?
a. Kreb’s cycle c. Glycolysis
b. Citric Acid cycle d. Chemiosmosis
10. Which of the following options does NOT correctly associate the specific cells within the gastric pits of the stomach with their function/secretion?
a. Parietal cells: Intrinsic factor c. Mucous neck cells: HCl
b. G cells: Gastrin d. Chief cells: Pepsin
11. Physiological failure of this structure would lead to the increase in gastric acid &
higher than normal volumes of food/chyme leaking into the esophagus:
a. Cardiac sphincter c. Ileocecal sphincter
b. Pyloric sphincter d. Duodendal sphincter
12. Which of the following is NOT an important component of lipid/fatty acid breakdown, digestion, or transport in the adult body:
a. Micelle formation c. Oxidative Deamination
b. Ketogenesis d. Chylomicron production
13. Which of the following statements regarding the process of deglutition is NOT correct:
a. Mouth, pharynx, & esophagus involved c. Involuntary phase in esophagus
b. Voluntary phase is pharynx d. Smooth & skeletal muscle needed
14. True or False: The tenia coli, or circular folds, of the large intestine enhance absorption by causing digestive products slow down & aid water absorption.
a. True b. False
15. Some antacid drugs block histamine receptors (H2 blockers), resulting in reduction of stomach acid, which would be affecting the activity of what specific gastric cell type?
a. Enteroendocrine cells c. Chief cells
b. G-Cells d. Parietal cells
16. The hormones secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) which are released by duodenal
enteroendocrine cells will have what overall action?
a. Speed the churning of the stomach c. Slow gastric secretion
b. Increases acid output d. Slow jejunum activity
17. Which of the following is the correct matching of a GI hormone & one of its major physiological functions?
a. CCK: increase pancreatic output c. Motilin: increase GI blood flow
b. Gastrin: decrease HCL d. Secretin: decrease CCK action
18. True or False: Stellate macrophages are fixed macrophages found in the pancreas and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.
a. True b. False
19. All portions of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers; in order from lumen (where food goes) to organ surface, they are as follows:
a. muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
b. mucosa, serosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa
c. submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
d. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
20. The digestive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining & other mechanisms EXCEPT:
a. Villi and microvilli c. Peyer patches/MALT
b. Brush border digestive enzymes d. Hormonal regulation
21. Which of the following components of gastric secretion are responsible for the initial digestive action of breaking down proteins/amino acid chains?
a. Gastric pepsin c. Gastrin
b. Gastric chymotrypsin d. Secretin
22. Segmentation, peristalsis, churning, retropulsion, & other key functions of digestive activity are made possible by this layer of tissue found in GI organs:
a. Chymal propria c. Muscularis mucosa
b. Lamina propria d. Muscularis externa
23. The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form what structure that empties into the duodenum?
a. Hepatic portal vein c. Pancreatic-bile canaliculus
b. Hepato-pancreatic ampulla d. Common bile duct
24. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed and where in the digestive system is the vitamin-IF complex absorbed?
a. Vit A: stomach c. Vit K: ileum
b. Vit B12: jejunum d. Vit C: duodenum
25. This major digestive accessory organ contains lobules with capillary sinusoids that lead to a central venous structure, giving the organ’s internal structure a hexagonal shape.
a. Liver c. Pancreas
b. Spleen d. Gall bladder
26. Digestion and absorption of which of the following would be the MOST affected if the liver were severely damaged?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Carbohydrates d. Simple sugars
27. Which of the following include the major types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste pores; those that open into taste buds for major gustatory sensation?
a. fungiform and (circum)vallate d. Glossal & palatine
b. palatine and circumvallate e. Foliate & falciform
28. True or False: One of the major roles of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver.
a. True b. False
29. Emptying of gastric contents through the pylorus & into the first portion of the small intestine is highly regulated involving all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:
a. Gap junction communication c. Slow-wave motion toward pylorus
b. Interstitial cells of Cajal action d. Gastrin hormone slowed release
30. Which of the following is NOT a major function of the hepatic cells?
a. Process nutrients from the SI c. Detoxification of blood
b. Synthesis of glucagon d. Storage of glycogen
31. A significant portion of the immune system is present in the digestive system, which of the following is NOT a component(s) of GI immunity?
a. MALT/GALT c. Appendicular lymphoid follicles
b. Peyers Patches d. Cholangiocytes
32. The rich capillary system involved in absorbing digested nutrients and supplying blood to the epithelial lining of the GI tract would be found in which tissue layer?
a. Submucosa c. Adventitia
b. Brush border d. Serosa
33. Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds, or monomers, by the process of:
a. Mastication c. Anabolism
b. Catabolism d. Fermentation
34. Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of the normal, healthy adult large intestine?
a. Absent luminal villi c. Presence of mucosal diverticula
b. Muscular bands called teniae coli d. Presence of external haustra
35. The physiological function of goblet cells is to:
a. Absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use
b. Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs & aids motility
c. Secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral
d. Provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms.
36. Bile synthesis is one of the key functions of the liver; which of the following statements about bile physiology is incorrect.
a. Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.
b. Bile functions in an early step of lipid breakdown.
c. Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.
d. Bile contains enzymes needed for breakdown of nucleic acids
37. What is the physiological function of intestinal paneth cells?
a. secrete digestive enzyme(s) c. Secrete anti-bacterial enzymes
b. secrete digestive hormone(s) d. Secrete bicarbonate ions
38. Which of the following is a known function of amino acids in the human body?
a. Nerve myelination c. Major component of enzymes
b. Major energy storage d. Storage of Vit A, D, E & K
39. Which of the following events would result in an increase in gastric secretion?
a. High pH in duodenum c. Decrease of gastrin hormone
b. High fat content of chyme d. Distention of the pylorus
40. Which of the following is the correct order of ATP synthesis via glucose breakdown in the human body
a. Glycolysis, Chemiosmosis, Kreb’s Cycle, Protein Motive Force
b. Electron transport chain, Proton Motive Force, Kreb’s cycle
c. Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Chemiosmosis
d. Critic Acid cycle, Transition Reaction, Electron Transport chain
41. Which of the following details regarding the formation of HCL in gastric pits is NOT correct as it relates GI physiology?
a. Alkaline tide: high pH in vasculature immediately surrounding stomach
b. H+/K proton pumps lining gastric lumen provide H+ ions for gastric acid
c. Ingested chewing gum remains in the GI tract for 7 years
d. Bicarbonate ions formed in gastric cells arise from CO2 & water
42. Which of the following statements about chemical digestion are NOT correct?
a. Breakdown of chemical bonds by hydrolysis is common
b. Simple fatty acids are passively absorbed through enterocyte membranes
c. Brush border enzymes on luminal surfaces produce digestive end products
d. Chylomicron, micelle, & triglycerides are all words I totally made up
43. Nitrogen balance can provide a clue into protein metabolic activity of the body. Positive nitrogen balance would be seen in what physical conditions?
a. Chronic illness, stress c. Pregnancy, growth
b. Severe burns d. Starvation state
44. Which answer choice correctly identifies trace elemental minerals that are needed for fully functioning human physiology?
a. Sodium, Calcium c. Copper, Iron
b. Potassium, Magnesium d. Helium, Kryptonite
45. The myenteric plexus (Aeurbach’s plexus) is essentially the ‘brain’ of the GI tract coordinating intestinal movement & sensory feedback, it is located in the:
a. Digestive epithelium c. Between muscularis layers
b. GI mucosa d. Serosa/Adventitia
46. Which of the following details about the accessory GI organ anatomy & physiology is NOT correct?
a. CBD & main pancreatic duct join & empty into duodenal papilla
b. Entry of all pancreatic enzymes are controlled by the stomach goblin
c. High pH of pancreatic fluid helps prevents intestinal auto-digestion
d. Cystic duct & hepatic duct empty into the shared common bile duct
47. Several different molecule/carrier types are used in lipid metabolism, with what
structures acting as transports of fat from intestine to liver?
a. Cholesterol, Ketone bodies c. Lipase, Amylase
b. Triglyceride, Chylomicrons d. Integral proteins
48. Which of the following chemical agents present in the small intestine is necessary to activate chymotrypsin & carboxy-peptidase?
a. Amylase c. Lipase
b. Pepsin d. Trypsin
49. The extreme conditions of the gastric secretions do not typically induce damage to the cells of the stomach body because the stomach employs what as protection?
a. Thick protective cell walls c. Acid resistant cells
b. Bicarbonate-rich mucus d. Gap junctions
50. Absorption of fats in the form of chylomicrons occurs in the small intestine via what GI structure?
a. Villi associated lacteals c. Haustral mucosa
b. Tenia coli d. Plicae circulares
51. What hormone acts as a primary regulator in bile secretion from the common bile duct into the duodenum?
a. Lipase c. Carboxypeptidase (CPT)
b. Cholecystokinin (CCK) d. Lactase
52. What digestive system organ is responsible for the secretion of fluid containing
chymotrypsin?
a. Liver c. Pancreas
b. Gallbladder d. Duodenum
53. Gluconeogenesis is a specialized process of carbohydrate metabolism where what major function occurs?
a. Glycogen formed from glucose c. Glucose from glycogen
b. Glucose from fat or protein source d. Ketone body formed
54. True or False: The Renin-Angiotensin system is a complex inter-organ system control of blood pressure involving the lungs, liver, & kidney.
a. True b. False
55. Which of the following dietary components is in no way used as an energy-yielding nutrient?
a. Carbohydrates c. Amino Acids
b. Fatty Acids d. Nucleic Acids
56. Which key fat-soluble vitamin is used as an enzymatic co-factor aiding in the transport & homeostasis of calcium?
a. Vitamin A c. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K
57. Which step in cellular respiration (glucose metabolism) produces the most ATP?
a. Glyoclysis c. Kreb’s cycle
b. Proton Motive Force d. Chemiosmosis
58. The electron transport chain produces energy intermediates (NADH & FADH2) with
what important molecule acting as the end electron acceptor?
a. Oxygen c. Water
b. Carbon Dioxide d. HCl
59. One of the largest abdomen branches coming off the aorta, this artery supplies most of the abdominal digestive organs:
a. Splenic Artery c. Mesenteric Artery
b. Renal Artery d. Vertebral Artery
60. Which of the following conditions who promote and increase in the amount of HCl production in the stomach?
a. Increase in Gastrin d. Decrease in Somatostatin
b. Increase in Histamine e. Decrease in Secretin
c. All of the above (A, B, D, E) f. None of the above [Show Less]