AP II - Module 2 Exam Questions and Answers
Question 1
3 / 3 pts
This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.
Your Answer:
Pia
... [Show More] Mater
Pia mater (menix)
The fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Your Answer:
Median Longitudinal
Median longitudinal
What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier? Describe its maintenance from a cellular level.
Your Answer:
The blood-brain barrier is a diffusion barrier which prevents most particles from entering the central nervous system tissue, keeping the brain and spinal cord separate from general blood circulation. The blood-brain barrier is formed by the relatively impermeable brain capillaries, due to the glial cells astrocytes.
Maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier is important to provide a stable chemical environment for the nervous system.
All the following are functions of the hypothalamus except:
Regulates sleep
Links the nervous and endocrine systems
Correct Answer
Filters out unimportant sensory information
Regulates water balance
This ventricle is located anterior to the cerebellum.
Lateral
Medial
Third
Fourth
This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensory information.
Primary sensory cortex
Primary motor cortex
Association area
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motor movements are normal. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Primary motor cortex
Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a specific brain region.
Your Answer:
Memories are not stored in one specific area within the brain but instead are stored throughout the cerebral hemispheres. The hippocampus acts as a memory
center to help with memory storage and retrieval. The involvement of the limbic system explains why emotionally charged events result in our most vivid memories.
Which statement is false concerning the brainstem?
Correct Answer
The midbrain portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord.
The pons helps to regulate breathing.
The midbrain contains the superior and inferior colliculi.
The medulla contains reflex centers to regulate vasoconstriction.
Which of the following is true concerning the cerebellum?
The gray matter is internal while the white mater is external.
The cerebellum works to plan body movements by relaying information spinal cord.
The anterior lobe receives information from the body trunk.
The vermis coordinates the trunk and shoulder movements.
Which of the following is most likely a symptom of ALS?
Correct Answer
Impaired ability to swallow
Decreased sensation in the hands
Shrinkage of cerebral cortex
Increased size of brain ventricles
All the above
Which of the following is false concerning a CVA?
An ischemic stroke is also known as a “brain bleed”.
A TIA is a form of an ischemic stroke.
Stroke survivors may regain some lost functions through therapy.
A hemorrhagic stroke is due to a broken blood vessel.
A patient is unable to extend his fourth and fifth digits when asked to open his hand. What is most likely the cause?
CVA in the frontal lobe
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Ulnar nerve damage
Anterior spinal cord injury
Label the following spinal cord regions in the diagram below:
1:
3:
4:
6:
11:
Your Answer:
1: Lateral Column
3: Gray Commissure
4: Anterior Column
6: Anterior/Ventral Horn
11: Ventral Root
What cranial nerve is highlighted in blue (also indicated by the arrow) in the figure below?
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens
Spinal Accessory
What type of nerve is the cranial nerve below and what does it control? (Highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)
Mixed: Sensation of digestive tract and Regulation of heart rate
Motor: Tongue movement
Sensory: Hearing/balance
Mixed: Facial muscles and Taste
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve:
receives sensory information from the eyebrows
receives sensory information from the upper lip and upper gums
is a mixed sensory and motor branch
controls the muscles of mastication
Use the figure below to answer the following questions. Answer by writing the letter (A- J) from the figure that corresponds with the correct cranial nerve.
1. This cranial nerve receives information from the retina.
2. This cranial nerve is responsible for the sensation of the digestive tract.
3. This cranial nerve controls movement of the eye laterally.
4. This cranial nerve receives sensory information for hearing.
5. This cranial nerve is responsible for voluntarily moving the tongue.
Your Answer:
1. B Optic
2. I Vagus
3. E Abducens
4. G Vestibulocochlear
5. J Hypoglossal
1. B. (Optic)
2. I. (Vagus)
3. E. (Abducens)
4. G. (Vestibulocochlear)
5. J. (Hypoglossal)
Label the nerves (A-C) in the figure below: A:
B:
C:
Your Answer:
A- Lateral femoral cutaneous
B- Femoral nerve
C- Saphenous
The sacral plexus is formed from spinal nerves:
L04- S04
T12-L04
C01-C05
L01-S01
A patient is on a ventilator post a car accident. What region of the spine is most likely damaged?
L01-L05
S01-S05
T01-T12
C03-C05
A patient damaged the radial nerve. What action is most likely limited?
Elbow flexion
Hip extension
Wrist flexion
Wrist extension
A patient sustained damage to their femoral nerve. What is most likely limited?
Sensation over the medial thigh
Sensation over posterior thigh
Hip flexion, knee extension
Hip extension, Knee flexion
Which of the following is true concerning the lumbar plexus?
It arises from L2-S2 spinal nerves.
There are three cords: medial, lateral and posterior
There are two divisions: anterior and posterior.
The anterior division forms the femoral nerve. (F)
These contain the ganglia for the parasympathetic nervous system that target the intrinsic eye muscles to change the diameter of the pupil.
Sympathetic trunk ganglia
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Superiomesenteric ganglion
Intramural ganglia
Ciliary ganglion
Which of the following is false concerning the sympathetic nervous system? It is also called the thoracolumbar division.
It is also called the craniosacral division.
The primary neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.
It inhibits the digestive tract.
If you were hiking in the woods and came across a mountain lion, which division of your nervous system would have increased activity? Explain your answer.
Your Answer:
The sympathetic nervous system would have increased activity as it is responsible for preparing our bodies to respond to stressful situations.
If someone sustains an injury to the area of the spinal cord, as shown below by the blue oval, would you be more likely to see paralysis or decreased sensation? Explain your answer.
Your Answer:
You would be more likely to see decreased sensation because sensory neurons enter the spinal cord posteriorly.
One of your patients sustained a hemorrhagic CVA. You notice they have rigid
movements when moving their arms. They also have difficulty forming a plan to move their body. What area of the brain is most likely impacted? Explain your reasoning.
Your Answer:
The basal ganglia is responsible for executing a motor plan and to slow and control fine movements (creating the rigid movements).
Apraxia, or impaired motor planning. Apraxia results in rigid movements and difficulty executing a motor plan. [Show Less]