According to Gregor Mendel, the observed characteristics of an organism are determined - Answer- by two particles, one inherited from the mother and one
... [Show More] from the father
What is the equation to explain the nature/nurture of an individual trait? - Answer- Genotype (biology/genetics) + Environment (development/culture) = Phenotype (outward appearance/behavior)
Based upon his three postulates, what was Darwin's definition of a species? - Answer- A dynamic (variable) population of individuals.
An individual feels their heart race, their temperature rise, and they begin to sweat as signs of anxiety. Using Tinbergen's Four Questions, which quadrant is being used to explain an anxious response? - Answer- Mechanism - the biological processes in the individual organism
Evolution is a tinkerer, not an engineer. - Answer- True
According to Randolph Nesse (Good Reasons for Bad Feelings), evolutionary theory can help us understand human cognition and emotion. - Answer- True
This is the term used for the combination of Darwin's "adaptation by natural selection" postulates and Mendel's theorem, but does not include modern epigenetics and evolutionary development. - Answer- Modern Synthesis
Which of the following scholars is credited with explaining Adaptation by Natural Selection? - Answer- Charles Darwin
Proximate causes occur at the individual organism's level, and ultimate causes are the result of and impact species level traits. - Answer- True
There are four main fields in anthropology. These are - Answer- biological/physical, linguistics, archeology, cultural
Anthropology is a living, responsive discipline. - Answer- True
The definition of anthropology derives from the Greek words anthropos and logos (ology), and it is the study of mammals. - Answer- False
Anthropology studies humans in an attempt to answer which of the following questions? - Answer- All of the above ... and more.
A key concern for modern anthropologists is globalization, including the ways in which time and space are compressed. - Answer- True
According to the Ted talk "Four billion years of evolution in six minutes," from which species did all vertebrates (skeletal species) evolve? - Answer- Fish
Brain scans and autopsies have shown that the brains of people with bipolar illness and autism are very different from those of people without these diagnoses. - Answer- False
What is the question that Randolph Nesse proposes as crucial for our knowledge of medicine to improve? - Answer- Why did natural selection leave our bodies with traits that make us vulnerable to disease?
What does the acronym DSM stand for? - Answer- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
What university entity reviews research proposals to ensure the protection of human subjects' rights? - Answer- IRB (Institutional Review Board)
Homo sapiens (our species), began a separate evolutionary path from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) approximately how many years ago? - Answer- 7 million years ago
Deductive reasoning uses empirical data to test theoretical models and answer questions with data. - Answer- True
The Hadza of Tanzania are living fossils of early human evolution. - Answer- False
What are the potential implications if your research question contains an unidentified bias? - Answer- All of these. There are consequences all the way down.
What does the acronym WEIRD stand for? - Answer- Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic
The use of customs and adaptations known from ethnographic or historical sources to reconstruct a way of life of a different group of people who are known only on the basis of archaeological evidence. - Answer- ethnographic analogy
What is the term for the estimation of adaptive pressures on the evolution of a species? - Answer- (EEA) Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness
Which of the following is NOT a type of quantitative data? - Answer- Interviews
Taking detailed notes on behavioral observations of a single individual provides qualitative data. - Answer- True
Quantitative data looks for rich detail, and qualitative data seeks patterns in a large sample. - Answer- False
Which behavioral observation technique requires counting how many individuals are performing a specific task at set time intervals? - Answer- scan sampling
According to Life History Theory, which of the following is a primary expenditure of metabolic energy? - Answer- All of these are key metabolic expenditures.
In the video "Sex, Sexual Selection, and Life History Theory," Dr. Volsche argued that which human practice may be sexually selecting for a trait that was previously selected against? - Answer- wearing eyeglasses (i.e., poor eyesight)
When comparing two groups within a population (i.e., men and women) we are using which measurement of each groups? - Answer- the average measurement for each group on the trait measured
This mechanism of kin recognition allows members of a species or group to assess similarities between themselves and others to determine who is kin. - Answer- phenotypic matching
Which of the following is NOT a trait of K selected species? - Answer- production of many, small offspring
In mammals (including humans), females are the reproductively limiting sex. - Answer- True
Biological sex exists as a clear binary - male and female. - Answer- False
In a study of 33 cultures, what is the number one trait preferred by members of both sexes when seeking a mate? - Answer- mutual attraction/love
Inclusive fitness favors resource sharing with biological kin. - Answer- True
When an individual takes risks to show off their value as a mate, they are engaging in - Answer- costly signaling
What is the equation for Hamilton's Rule of Inclusive Fitness? - Answer- r * B > C
In humans, there are multiple parameters upon which to ascribe one's biological sex, but still, only two reproductive cells - sperm and egg. - Answer- True
Which of the following is not an evolutionary reason why our bodies and minds are vulnerable to disease? - Answer- Some diseases have a selective advantage
Selection shapes brains that maximize - Answer- the number of offspring who survive to reproduce themselves
What is a cost of maximizing the transmission of genes? - Answer- More effort and resources are allocated to competition rather than tissue repair in males
Consider what you learned about proximate and ultimate causes via Tinbergen's Four Questions.
If Samantha feels her pulse race and begins to sweat. Which of Tinbergen's Four Questions are we observing? - Answer- Mechanism/Biology
Consider what you learned about proximate and ultimate causes via Tinbergen's Four Questions.
James experienced a severe trauma as a child, and he now startles at loud noises. Which of Tinbergen's Four Questions are we observing? - Answer- Ontogeny/Development
Consider what you learned about proximate and ultimate causes via Tinbergen's Four Questions.
It is beneficial to a species to respond quickly to a threat in order to survive and reproduce. Which of Tinbergen's Four Questions are we observing? - Answer- Adaptive Value
Consider what you learned about proximate and ultimate causes via Tinbergen's Four Questions.
Anxiety is deeply rooted in all mammal behavior as the fight or flight response. Which of Tinbergen's Four Questions are we observing? - Answer- Phylogeny
According to Chapter 1 of Mothers and Others, what is the most important aspect of social exchange networks among hunters and gatherers? - Answer- Social exchange networks build up good will between individuals and groups who will help each other in times of need
In Chapter 1 of Mothers and Others, Hrdy introduces which term that refers to the care and provisioning of offspring/young by group members other than parents? - Answer- alloparenting
In Chapter 1 of Mothers and Others, Hrdy proposes that our Pleistocene ancestors - Answer- most likely considered nearby groups as potential sharing partners
In Chapter 1 of Mothers and Others, what does the term "cooperative breeding" refer to? - Answer- any species with alloparental assistance in the care and provisioning of young
In Chapter 1 of Mothers and Others, the author cites Michael Tomasello that the dividing line between humans and non-human apes is - Answer- the human ability to participate with others in collaborative activities
In Mothers and Others, Hrdy suggests that in humans, eyes capable of communicating information about intentions may have evolved in competitive contexts. - Answer- False
Emotions always involve subjective feelings. - Answer- False
According to Randolph Nesse, what is the "fundamental attribution error"? - Answer- The human tendency to ignore the effects of situations and to attribute problems to characteristics of individuals.
What is the evolutionary perspective on emotions? - Answer- Emotions are specialized states that adjust physiology, cognition, subjective experience, facial expressions and behavior in ways that increase the ability to meet the a [Show Less]