(answered) Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition Comer Test Bank/ PSYC 3140 Abnormal Psychology Test Bank- Psychological abnormality may include deviance,
... [Show More] distress, dysfunction, and danger. First, explain what these terms mean regarding psychological abnormality. Second, provide an example of a time when each aspect of abnormality would not be considered abnormal. • 2 Suppose a friend of yours says to you, “I feel really lousy today, and I don't know why. You're taking abnormal psych—what do you think?” If, after your conversation with your friend, your friend feels better about things, have you provided psychological therapy? Why or why not? Include the essential features of therapy in your answer. • 3 What is demonology? How does demonology stand in the way of a more complete understanding of the causes and treatment of psychological abnormality? • 4 Discuss the contributions of three of the following individuals to the treatment of abnormal psychology. Include when and where each lived. Hippocrates Emil Kraepelin Dorothea Dix Philippe Pinel Friedrich Anton Mesmer Benjamin Rush William Tuke • 5 Assume that Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix suddenly appeared in the twenty-first century, about 50 years after the U.S. policy of deinstitutionalization began. What would they think about our treatment of the “mentally ill?” What suggestions might they make for changes in our policy of deinstitutionalization? • 6 Define and contrast somatogenic and psychogenic perspectives regarding abnormal psychological functioning, and provide at least one example of evidence supporting each perspective. • 7 According to your text, deinstitutionalization has resulted, in part, in large numbers of people with severe psychological disturbances either becoming homeless or ending up in jail or prison. Is deinstitutionalization an ethical and appropriate strategy for the treatment of mental illness that the United States should continue to follow? Back up your answer with specific examples. • 8 Increasingly, people seeking treatment for mental health reasons are members of managed care programs. How are managed care programs changing how psychological services are provided? Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of such programs. • 9 The following types of mental health professionals work in the area of psychological abnormality; describe the differences in how they are educated, and in what they do. clinical psychologists psychiatrists clinical researchers • 10 Create a time line on which you place five major events in the history of abnormality. Briefly describe why each event is important to our understanding of abnormality. • 11 The aspect of the definition of abnormality that characterizes behavior as different from the norm is . • deviance • * 12 The stated and unstated rules that a society establishes to govern proper conduct are referred to as . • norms • * 13 Ken is so anxious that his anxiety by itself causes him to suffer. Ken's situation represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called . • distress • * 14 Colleen is so afraid of open spaces that she cannot leave her house to go to work. This represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called . • dysfunction • * 15 Heather has been feeling depressed and has begun to feel helpless and hopeless and is considering committing suicide. Killing herself represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called . • danger • * 16 The idea that the behaviors we label abnormal are just problems in living has been proposed by . • Thomas Szasz • * 17 While some clinicians will refer to the person they are treating as a patient, others will refer to the person as a(n) . • client • * 18 The crude early form of surgery in which a hole was made in the skull of a person, presumably to allow evil spirits to escape, was called . • trephination • * 19 The procedure that a priest or other powerful person might perform to drive evil spirits from a person is called . • exorcism • * 20 believed that abnormal behavior was caused by brain pathology that was a consequence of an imbalance in the four humors of the body. • Hippocrates • * 21 The “parent” of modern medicine who believed that illnesses had natural causes was . • Hippocrates • * 22 During the Middle Ages, a person who believed that he was possessed by wolves and other animals was said to be suffering from . • lycanthropy • * 23 The roots of today's community mental health programs can be traced back to the fifteenth century when people came to the Belgian town of for psychic healing. • Gheel • * 24 An approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized humane and respectful approaches was known as treatment. • moral • * 25 The physician who instituted a series of reforms at La Bicêtre asylum and “unchained” mental patients was . • Pinel • * 26 The treatment for mental illness espoused by French physician Philippe Pinel and English Quaker William Tuke was called treatment by their contemporaries. • moral • * 27 The American advocate for laws mandating the improved treatment of people with mental disorders was . • Dorothea Dix • * 28 The view that physical causes are at the root of mental illnesses is called the perspective. • somatogenic • * 29 The somatogenic view of mental illness was given a boost in the 1800s when it was discovered that general paresis was caused by . • syphilis • * 30 Psychological causes are at the root of mental illness, according to the perspective. • psychogenic • * 31 The inducement of a trancelike state in which a person becomes extremely suggestible fits into the model of treating mental illness. • psychogenic • * 32 Psychoanalysis's view of causes of abnormal and normal behavior fits into the model. • psychogenic • * 33 Psychotropic medications fit into the model of treating mental illness. • somatogenic • * 34 The major development utilizing drugs in the treatment of the mentally ill in the second half of the twentieth century was the development of psychiatric . • psychotropic medications • * 35 The reduction in the number of people housed in mental hospitals in the last 40 years can be attributed to a trend called . • deinstitutionalization • * 36 Moving the focus for the care of the mentally ill out of hospitals is part of the approach. • community mental health • * 37 The largest group of professionals who provide mental health services are . • psychiatric social workers • * 38 The degree that psychiatrists hold is the . • M.D. or D.O. • * 39 One who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical: • mentalist. • legalist. • scientist. • practitioner. 40 If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical: • practitioner. • researcher. • historian. • statistician. 41 The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: • norms. • culture. • morality. • conventions. 42 Behavior that violates legal norms is: • deviant and criminal. • distressful and criminal. • deviant and psychopathological. • distressful and psychopathological. 43 The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make up that society's: • laws. • norms. • culture. • conventions. 44 Which of the following depressed people would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder—because of specific circumstances? • someone whose mother was depressed • someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado • someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance • someone who was also an alcoholic 45 R. D. Laing said, “Insanity—a perfectly rational adjustment to an insane world.” This statement illustrates: • how dangerous most mentally ill people actually are. • that abnormality is situational. • that everyone is a little eccentric. • that drug use causes people to become mentally ill. 46 That 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop in their hosts' medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that: • deviance is culturally defined. • behavior that is not really dangerous can nevertheless be considered abnormal. • statistical deviance is not the same thing as abnormality. • behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal. 47 If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was: • suffering from a mental illness. • deviant but not dangerous. • exhibiting a typical reaction. • statistically deviant. 48 People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not experience distress. They are: • nevertheless considered to be abnormal. (True Answer ) • not abnormal because abnormality requires distress. • doing something illegal, not abnormal. • no longer considered abnormal, but were in the past. 49 A person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for living BEST fits which of the following definitions of abnormality? • deviance • distress • dangerousness • dysfunction 50 An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is: • dysfunctional. • deviant. • dysfunctional and deviant. • dangerous. 51 Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? • distress • deviance • dysfunction • danger to self or others 52 Which of the following would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional? • someone who is too confused to drive safely • someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to class • someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice • someone who cannot stay alone for even one night 53 A Secret Service agent steps in front of the President of the United States, prepared to be killed or injured if the President's safety is threatened. Psychologically speaking, the Secret Service agent's behavior is: • functional, but psychologically abnormal. • functional, and not psychologically abnormal. • dysfunctional, and psychologically abnormal. • dysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal. 54 Research shows that danger to self or others is found in: • all cases of abnormal functioning. • most cases of abnormal functioning. • some cases of abnormal functioning. • no cases of abnormal functioning. 55 Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not: • dysfunctional. • dangerous. • distressing. • deviant. 56 According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really: • mental illnesses. • problems in living. • caused by one's early childhood experiences. • eccentric behaviors with a biological cause. 57 A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country, but he doesn't interfere with others' lives. The BEST description of the researcher's behavior is that it is: • eccentric. • abnormal. • dangerous. • dysfunctional. 58 College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because: • the behavior is not illegal. • they are just considered eccentric. • they don't harm anyone but themselves. • drinking is considered part of college culture. (True Answer ) 59 Defining abnormal behavior, using “the four Ds”: • allows us to create diagnoses that are clear-cut and not debatable. • allows us to eliminate those who are merely eccentric. • allows us to include those who experience no distress. • is still often vague and subjective. 60 Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because: • they are not deviant. • they freely choose and enjoy their behavior. (True Answer ) • they are only dangerous to others, not to themselves. • while they are distressed by their behavior, others are not. 61 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics noted by researchers in the field? • being a poor speller • having a diagnosable mental illness • being creative • enjoying one's life 62 Studies show that eccentrics are more likely than those with mental disorders to say: • I feel like my behavior has been thrust on me. • I'm different and I like it. • I am in a lot of pain and I suffer a great deal. • I wish I were not so “unique.” 63 Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a: • series of contacts. • healer. • third-party payer. • sufferer who seeks relief. 64 One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with their problems in living as: • pupils. • patients. • trainees. • clients. 65 Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States about what percentage of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment? • under 1 percent. • 5–10 percent • 10–15 percent • over 15 percent 66 Which of the following “new diagnoses” would one experiencing overwhelming concern about being bombarded with excessive information on the Internet MOST likely receive? • eco-anxiety • terrorism terror • crime phobia • cyber fear 67 Which of the following “new diagnoses” would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about the security of travel on planes and subways MOST likely receive? • eco-anxiety • terrorism terror • crime phobia • cyber fear 68 Which of the following “new diagnoses” would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about where the safest neighborhoods and schools are located be MOST likely to receive? • eco-anxiety • terrorism terror • crime phobia • cyber fear 69 The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was caused by: • germs. • poisons. • evil spirits. • psychological trauma. 70 A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that “evil spirits” will be driven from the person's body. This form of “therapy” is called: • exorcism. • shaman. • couvade. • trephination. 71 If you were being treated by a shaman, you would MOST likely be undergoing: • psychoanalysis. • gender-sensitive therapy. • community-based treatment. • an exorcism. 72 Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve: • releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain. • bringing the four body humors back into balance. • punishing the body for its sins. • bloodletting. 73 Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of: • stress. • natural causes. • brain pathology. • spiritual deviations. 74 Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was: • water. • lymph gland fluid. • phlegm. • cerebrospinal fluid. 75 Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by: • hypnotizing patients. • chaining patients to walls. • ing underlying physical pathology. (True Answer ) • encouraging patients to speak about past traumas. 76 Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped trying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition: • mania. • hysteria. • delusional. • melancholia. 77 A flash mob is MOST similar to: • mass madness. • melancholia. • trephination. • eco-terrorist 78 What model of mental illness did MOST people believe in during the Middle Ages? • the moral model • the medical model • the psychogenic model • the demonology model 79 Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of: • exorcism. • mass madness. • physical pathology causing mental illness. • disorders that were treated with trephination. 80 St. Vitus's dance, characterized by people suddenly going into convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as: • lycanthropy. • melancholia. • phlegmatism. • tarantism. 81 “Mass madness” is a general term that includes all of the following disorders common in the Middle Ages in Europe EXCEPT: • tarantism. • lycanthropy. • exorcism. • St. Vitus's dance. 82 Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were the: • physicians. • nobility. • peasants. • clergy. 83 During the Middle Ages in Europe, demonology dominated views of abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: • the power of the clergy increased greatly. • the church rejected scientific forms of investigation. • the church controlled education. • the culture rejected religious beliefs. 84 The individual considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology is: • Hippocrates. • Johann Weyer. • Dorothea Dix. • Emil Kraepelin. 85 Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the: • 1200s. • 1500s. • 1700s. • 1800s. 86 Pilgrims in Europe in the 1600s would be MOST likely to go for “psychic healing” to: • Bethlehem Hospital in London. • Gheel, Belgium. • La Bicêtre in Paris. • Athens, Greece. 87 In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospital in London, became: • shrines. • tourist attractions. • sheltered workshops. • centers of moral treatment. 88 Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be: • moral therapy. • harsh and cruel. • religiously based. • psychogenic therapy. 89 What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547? • Popularly called “Bedlam,” it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients. • It was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates. • It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex-wives. • It was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients was practiced. 90 The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that: • mental problems had a biological basis. • demonology was a cause of mental illness. • mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness. • the cause of mental illness was immoral behavior. 91 The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was: • John Dix. • Joseph Gall. • William Tuke. • Benjamin Rush. 92 The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to the United States was: • John Dix. • Joseph Gall. • William Tuke. • Benjamin Rush. 93 The American schoolteacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to mandate humane treatment of people with mental disorders was: • William Tuke. • Dorothea Dix. • Clifford Beers. • Benjamin Rush. 94 Which of the following is part of the legacy of Dorothea Dix? • deinstitutionalization • state mental hospitals • federal prisons • privatization of mental hospitals 95 The decline in the use of moral treatment and the rise in the use of custodial care in mental hospitals at the end of the twentieth century is due to all of the following EXCEPT: • the total lack of success of moral treatment. (True Answer ) • too many hospitals, resulting in funding and staffing shortages. • prejudice against poor, immigrant patients in hospitals. • lack of public and private funding for hospitals. 96 The “moral treatment” movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: • prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased. • fewer and fewer immigrants were being sent to mental hospitals. • all patients needing treatment had to be helped. • hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded. 97 One factor that contributed to the decline of moral therapy was: • it did not work for everyone. • it was shown to be completely ineffective. • too few patients were hospitalized. • the development of psychogenic drugs replaced it. 98 Hippocrates' model of mental illness can be described as: • psychiatric. • somatogenic. • psychogenic. • supernatural. 99 The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning? • somatogenic • psychogenic • moral • deterministic 100 The discovery of the link between general paresis and syphilis was made by: • Benjamin Rush. • Emil Kraepelin. • Fritz Schaudinn • Richard von Krafft-Ebing. 101 The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that: • mental patients should be deinstitutionalized. • organic factors can cause mental illness. (True Answer ) • antibiotics cannot “cure” viral diseases. • physicians should be the ones treating mental illnesses. 102 For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a: • community center. • spa and retreat center. • counselor's office. • hospital. 103 Which of the following statements would offer the LEAST support for the somatogenic view of abnormal behavior? • Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking. (True Answer ) • Alcoholism tends to run in families. • People with Lyme disease often have psychological symptoms. • Most people with depression are helped with medication [Show Less]