Nutrition HESI Exam Test Bank_ Answered Correctly Elaborated Further Rationales_ Study this One!
The nurse instructs a client with chronic kidney
... [Show More] disease who is receiving hemodialysis about dietary modifications. the nurse determines that the client understands these dietary modifications if the client selects which items from the dietary menu?
1. Cream of wheat, blueberries, coffee
2. Sausage and eggs, banana, orange juice
3. Bacon, cantaloupe melon, tomato juice
4. Cured pork, grits, strawberries, OJ
: ANSWER✅- 1.
The diet for a client with chronic kidney disease who is receiving hemodialysis should include controlled amounts of sodium, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and fluids.
The degree to which an ingested nutrient gets absorbed and is available to the body is which of the following?
-diffusion
-transport
-bioavailability
-absorption
: ANSWER✅- Correct answer:
bioavailability
Bioavailability is influenced by substances in food, drugs, and body stores. Medications can also influence bioavailability by either blocking or enhancing absorption.
The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is
: ANSWER✅- pyridoxine.
A nutrient that helps prevent free radical damage to membranes is
: ANSWER✅- selenium
A rich source of vitamin E in the diet is
: ANSWER✅- soybean oil.
The nutrient intake guideline that sets the maximal nutrient intake that is unlikely to pose a risk of toxicity in healthy individuals is called
: ANSWER✅- the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
Noncaloric essential nutrients in necessary small amounts for specific metabolic very control and disease prevention are called
: ANSWER✅- vitamins
Vitamins regulate body metabolism by working as
: ANSWER✅- specific catalysts.
A significant source of vitamin A is found in
: ANSWER✅- spinach.
A vitamin that plays a major role in blood clotting is
: ANSWER✅- vitamin K.
The mineral that is a catalyst for many reactions in cells that produce energy is
: ANSWER✅- magnesium
Thyroid-stimulating hormone controls the uptake of
: ANSWER✅- iodine.
Iron plays a role in
: ANSWER✅- hemoglobin synthesis.
The mineral for the controlled necessary oxidation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in producing and storing available energy for the body is
: ANSWER✅- phosphorus
The trace mineral that plays a role in hemoglobin formation and general metabolism is : ANSWER✅- iron.
An important function of sodium is
: ANSWER✅- water balance.
Iron is stored as
: ANSWER✅- ferritin
Major minerals are
: ANSWER✅- required by the body in amounts of more than 100 mg/day.
The greatest source of dietary zinc is
: ANSWER✅- meat.
A food that is a good source of calcium is
: ANSWER✅- yogurt
The major electrolyte found inside cells is
: ANSWER✅- potassium.
A decrease in the activation of vitamin D in kidney disease results in
: ANSWER✅- osteodystrophy
Medical nutrition therapy for acute glomerulonephritis consists of
: ANSWER✅- adequate calories to maintain metabolic needs
During hemodialysis, protein intake is usually
: ANSWER✅- at least 1.2 g/kg.
Elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid levels are reflected in the laboratory finding of
: ANSWER✅- azotemia.
For patients with chronic kidney failure, potassium intake is based on
: ANSWER✅- serum potassium level.
Patients with chronic kidney disease often develop anemia due to
: ANSWER✅- the inadequate production of erythropoietin
Patients with chronic kidney failure treated with peritoneal dialysis must consider needs based on energy
: ANSWER✅- absorbed from the dialysate. energy
A potent hormone produced by the adrenal glands that acts on the distal nephron tubule to reabsorb sodium is
: ANSWER✅- aldosterone
The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by
: ANSWER✅- large protein losses in the urine.
Symptoms of chronic renal failure include
: ANSWER✅- diarrhea.
It is common for patients with acute kidney failure to need
: ANSWER✅- enteral nutrition.
The absence of urine production, indicating kidney failure, is called
: ANSWER✅- anuria.
Classic symptoms of glomerulonephritis include
: ANSWER✅- proteinuria.
The type of diet recommended for a person with a kidney stone depends on
: ANSWER✅- the composition of the stone.
Compared with the pH in the small intestine, the pH in the stomach is
: ANSWER✅- lower.
Converting noncarbohydrate substances into glucose is called
: ANSWER✅- gluconeogenesis.
Mastication is an important part of digestion because it
: ANSWER✅- prepares the food for digestion by enzymes
Phenylketonuria is caused by the inability to produce the enzyme needed to
: ANSWER✅- metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.
The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release its secretions is
: ANSWER✅- secretin.
Peptidases are enzymes that act on
: ANSWER✅- proteins
The fingerlike projections in the small intestine that ensure maximal absorption of nutrients are called : ANSWER✅- villi
The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is : ANSWER✅- absorption of water.
The starch-splitting enzyme in the mouth : ANSWER✅- amylase
An emulsifying agent that aids fat digestion and absorption is : ANSWER✅- bile .
The mucosal lining of the intestine is protected from irritation and erosion by secretions of : ANSWER✅- mucus
Fat molecules enter into the bloodstream through the : ANSWER✅- lymph vessels.
The part of the circulatory system that transports blood from the intestines liver is called the : ANSWER✅- portal circulation system
Chyme is the word used for the intestinal contents when they are in the : ANSWER✅- Stomach
A common tool used to assist in dietary management of diabetes is : ANSWER✅- the food exchange system.
The form of insulin that has its peak action between 2 and 4 hours after administration is the : ANSWER✅- short-acting form.
Insulin is produced by the : ANSWER✅- a-cells of the pancreas.
include Early signs of diabetes may : ANSWER✅- skin infections.
The pancreatic hormone known as the referee for pancreatic hormonal control of blood glucose is : ANSWER✅- somatostatin.
A risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes is : ANSWER✅- a history of gestational diabetes.
Persistent hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of : ANSWER✅- macrosomia.
During times of illness, diabetes is managed by : ANSWER✅- modifying the texture of the meal plan while still providing adequate carbohydrates
The hormone considered to act in an opposite manner to insulin is : ANSWER✅- glucagon.
Studies indicate that exercise : ANSWER✅- improves uptake of glucose by the cells.
The three common, long-term complications of diabetes affect cells in the : ANSWER✅- kidney, eye, and nerve tissue.
The primary focus of medical nutrition therapy for diabetes care is to : ANSWER✅- maintain glycemic control.
Food distribution for the patient with diabetes is characterized by : ANSWER✅- )providing equal amounts of food at regular intervals.
Physical measurements of the body, including height, weight, and skinfold thickness, are referred to as : ANSWER✅- anthropometric measurements.
Nutrition diagnostic statements may include : ANSWER✅- nutrient deficiencies
A test used to evaluate breakdown of skeletal muscle is : ANSWER✅- the creatinine height index.
The focus of a successful and effective nutrition plan of care is the : ANSWER✅- patient.
A problem that is most likely to affect the accuracy of patients' reported food intake is : ANSWER✅- a tendency to underreport food intake.
A medical test used to determine skeletal system integrity : ANSWER✅- is urinary calcium excretion.
Nutrition counseling is a form of : ANSWER✅- nutrition intervention.
A biochemical test used to detect anemia is : ANSWER✅- the complete blood count .
It is important to weigh hospitalized patients : ANSWER✅- at the same time each day.
If the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used to provide nutrition, then : ANSWER✅- parenteral nutrition may be used to isupply nutrients
The basic means of communication among health care team members is : ANSWER✅- the patient's medical record.
A laboratory test that indicates immune capacity is the : ANSWER✅- total lymphocyte count.
The mode of feeding that provides nutrition through a tube directly into the gut is called : ANSWER✅- enteral feeding.
Patients who are being treated with the drug warfarin should limit foods high in : ANSWER✅- vitamin K.
To meet the published Dietary Reference of carbohydrate for a Intakes, the grams 1600 kcal/day diet would be : ANSWER✅- 180 to 260.
The building blocks for all carbohydrates are : ANSWER✅- monosaccharides
The that cannot function without organ glucose as an energy source is the : ANSWER✅- brain.
The major site or organ in the body for metabolic processing of carbohydrates the : ANSWER✅- liver.
A reason to include dietary fiber in the diet is because fiber : ANSWER✅- helps normalize bowel function.
Carbohydrates play a major role in nutrition because they : ANSWER✅- provide the major source of energy
An example of a high-fiber meal is : ANSWER✅- bean chili.
Sucrose is composed of : ANSWER✅- glucose and fructose.
Non-nutritive sweeteners provide : ANSWER✅- sweetness but no energy.
The in the intestine responsible enzymes for digestion of carbohydrates are found specifically in the : ANSWER✅- brush border.
The basic single unit of carbohydrate found in the body is : ANSWER✅- glucose.
The carbohydrate form in which glucose is stored in the human body is : ANSWER✅- glycogen.
The basic building blocks of fat are : ANSWER✅- glycerol and fatty acids.
When fats are hydrogenated, they become : ANSWER✅- more solid.
A food source of cholesterol would be : ANSWER✅- liver
Triglycerides are composed of : ANSWER✅- glycerol and fatty acids.
Trans fat be found in may : ANSWER✅- crackers.
Fat digestion occurs mainly in the : ANSWER✅- small intestine.
An example of an oil high in monounsaturated fatty acids is : ANSWER✅- )olive oil.
An essential fatty acid is one that : ANSWER✅- )the body cannot manufacture for itself
An example of a food that contains invisible fat is : ANSWER✅- cheese.
A high dietary intake of cholesterol and saturated fat is associated with an increased risk for : ANSWER✅- atherosclerosis.
We need some fat in our diet to : ANSWER✅- provide essential fatty acids.
Saturated fatty acids are : ANSWER✅- solid at room temperature
Foods high in saturated fat include : ANSWER✅- pork sausage
A plant-based protein that is a complete protein is : ANSWER✅- soy
An example of a body protein is : ANSWER✅- hemoglobin
If 2 g of nitrogen are excreted in the urine for 6.25 g of protein consumed, the every body is said to be in : ANSWER✅- catabolism
The term amino refers to compounds containing : ANSWER✅- nitrogen.
If nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion, the condition is called : ANSWER✅- positive nitrogen balance.
Protein is composed of building units called : ANSWER✅- amino acids.
Two amino acids joined together are called : ANSWER✅- dipeptide
The primary function of protein in the body IS : ANSWER✅- tissue building.
be associated Very high protein intakes may with increased risks for : ANSWER✅- inflammation in the glomerular cells of the kidney.
A protein that contains all indispensable amino acids in the correct proportion and ratio is : ANSWER✅- complete.
Protein plays an important role in the body in : ANSWER✅- the body's defense.
Pepsinogen is converted by hydrochloric acid in the stomach to : ANSWER✅- pepsin.
A good example of complementary proteins IS : ANSWER✅- beans and rice.
Vitamin A Sources : ANSWER✅- Broccoli, Oranges, Carrots, Milk, Sweet Potatoes, Spinach, pumpkin
Vitamin A Helps in these body areas: : ANSWER✅- Immune System, Eyes, Skin
Vitamin A Deficiency is: : ANSWER✅- Decrease in Night Vision
Vitamin A Lowers the risk of: : ANSWER✅- Prostate Cancer, Lung Cancer, Cataracts
Water Soluble Vitamins : ANSWER✅- B vitamins and vitamin C
Fat Soluble Vitamins : ANSWER✅- ADEK
Fat Soluble Vitamins Stored where: : ANSWER✅- Liver & Adipose Tissue
Fat Soluble Vitamins transported by: : ANSWER✅- Lipoproteins
Vitamin C Helps in the body by: : ANSWER✅- Bones, Teeth, Skin, Wound Healing
Vitamin C Sources: : ANSWER✅- Berries, Spinach, tomates, citrus fruits,
Vitamin C Lowers risk of: : ANSWER✅- Stomach Cancer, Breast Cancer, Mouth and Esophageal Cancer
Vitamin D Sources: : ANSWER✅- Eggs, Milk, Sun, Fish,
Vitamin D Helps in: : ANSWER✅- Bones, Calcium, teeth, normal blood levels of calcium.
Vitamin D Deficiency : ANSWER✅- Rickets, Osteomalacia
Vitamin E Benefits: : ANSWER✅- Antioxidant, protects vitamin A and certain lipids from damage, helps prevent alzheimers disease. Catarats, atherosclerosis.
Vitamin E Sources: : ANSWER✅- Margarine, Whole Grains, Nuts, Leafy Greens
Folic Acid Helps in: : ANSWER✅- Vital for new cell creation, lowers homocysteine levels, prevent birth defects in brain and spine
Folic Acid Lowers risk of: : ANSWER✅- Heart Disease, Colon Cancer
Folic Acid Sources: : ANSWER✅- Asparagus, turnip greens, orange juice, tomato juice, broccoli, legumes, fortified grains, spinach
Vitamin K Sources: : ANSWER✅- Eggs, Dark green veggies, Milk,
Vitamin K Helps in: : ANSWER✅- Proteins, calcium essential to blood clotting, helps prevent hip fractures. Prevents tetany
Niacin Sources: : ANSWER✅- Grains, Dairy, Nuts, Polutry
Niacin Helps in: : ANSWER✅- Promotes conversion of food to energy, Treat hyperlipidemia, nervous system and digestive system.
Vitamin B-12 Sources: : ANSWER✅- Meat, fish, milk, eggs, poultry, cheese, fortified soy milk
Vitamin B-12 Helps in: : ANSWER✅- Lowers risk of heart disease, making new cells, breaks down fatty and amino acids,
Fruits, Vegetables and cereals are sources of: : ANSWER✅- Antioxidants
Leading source of antioxidants in the U.S is: : ANSWER✅- Coffee
Essential Fatty acids that must be derived from diet are: : ANSWER✅- Linoleic and alpha linoleic acid
S& S of Scurvy are: : ANSWER✅- Loss of appetite and irritability, diarrhea, fever, tenderness and swelling in legs
The only fat soluble antioxidant synthesized in the body is: : ANSWER✅- CoQ10
A deficiency of Thiamine in the diet causes: : ANSWER✅- Protein Malnutrition
Average person consumes how much sodium: : ANSWER✅- 3400
All are potentially modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis: : ANSWER✅- Anorexia nervosa, low in take of calcium and vitamin D, Excessive alcohol consumption. [Show Less]