ANP 650 Final Review Exam - Questions and Answers Workup for patient with urinary frequency: - Symptoms - Assessment - U/A: r/o infection (-) - Post
... [Show More] void residual (-) -Anticholinergic? Avoid in elderly (BEERs criteria) bc it causes urinary retention, confusion, altered mentation, orthostatic hypotension, & falls Is it ever normal for older adults to have bacteria in their urine? Yes, only treat symptomatic bacteria in the urine Causes of proteinuria - Renal failure - Hypertension - Rhabdo - Nephrotic syndrome (threshold: >3g) Hematuria workup -check ua with c/s -ask about exercise, meds, foods, trauma -if no history, CBC and 24 hour urine -CT -Sono -Pt, PTT possibly Hyponaremia workup - Serum osmolarity - Urine osmolarity - Serum sodium - Urine sodium Mechanism of anemia in ESRD - ALL OF THE ABOVE - Erythropoietin deficient - Iron deficient - Dialysis Calciphylaxis Calcium accumulated when ESRD patients don't receive full dialysis (Medication that increases risk: warfarin) Pre-renal - HTN - HF - Shock - Hemorrhage Cause for post-renal/obstructive renal failure: anywhere after the kidneys - Kidney stone - Urinary retention Intra-renal failure: - Toxins to filtration - Infection - Systemic reaction from ABX Patient compliant with 4 BP meds, SBP is still 180. What should be evaluated: Renal artery stenosis (most common cause: atherosclerosis) Living will v Medical Power of Attorney - Living will: you write your wishes - Advanced directive: power of attorney speaks on your behalf when you cannot Palliative tx vs curative tx (regarding CA): Palliative decreases symptoms of CA but does not cure A patient has a Cr of 4.0, is on MS Contin 90 mg 3x/day Causes muscle spasms, toxic neurological issues, respiratory depression Tx for intractable nausea: - Ondansetron (Zofran) - Haldol and Ativan - Dexamethasone - Compazine (Prochlorperazine) - Metoclopramide (Reglan) Tx for secretions: - Glyco - Atropine True or false: palliative care and hospice are the same [Show Less]