Anatomy and Physiology Final test with answer keys
1. Which of the following is not an anatomical direction?
A. Supine Correct Body position Prone
B.
... [Show More] Proximal / Distal
C. Medial / Lateral
D. Anterior / Posterior
2. Anatomy is defined as the study of the
A. function of a living organism and its parts. Physiology
B. diseases of a living organism. Pathology
C. structure of a living organism and the relationship of its parts. Correct
D. growth of a living organism. Embryology / Developmental Biological Science
3. The smallest living unit of structure and function in the body is
A. the organic compounds. Large complex molecules, C-C&C-H covalent bonds
B. the cell. Correct
C. DNA. An organic compound.
D. organelles. Cellular structures that function for cellular homeostasis.
4. The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the
A. sagittal plane. / Left and Right
B. transverse plane. / superior and inferior (up and down)
C. frontal plane. Correct
D. midsagittal plane. / equal two halves left and right
5. A very large molecule composed of subunits of sugar, nitrogen base, and a phosphate bond is a
A. protein. / Building blocks = Amino Acids (20). E.g. collagen, actin, myosin, prolactin, T4.
B. lipid. / Building blocks = fatty acids & Glycerol. E.g.Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Phospholipids.
C. carbohydrate. / Building blocks = monosaccharides. E.g. glucose, fructose, galactose. Disaccharides e.g. maltose (bread, rye, wheat, caraway), lactose (milk), sucrose (table sugar = sugarcanes, honey, fruits). Polysaccharides e.g. starch.
D. nucleic acid. / RNA (Ribose, Uracil), DNA (Deoxyribose, Thynine) Correct
6. A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n)
A. ionic bond. / attraction of positively and negatively charged molecules (ions). E.g. Na+ (Cation), Cl- (Anion) donate/receive electrons
B. hydrogen bond. / weak, holding substances together through attraction (H+)
C. covalent bond. Correct
D. None of these is correct.
7. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of
A. protons. Correct
B. neutrons.
C. electrons. / no calculations.
D. Both A and B are correct. / Atomic mass = protons + neutrons.
8. Which of these lipids are found in the cell membrane? / bilayer of phospholipids, heads = outwards, tails = inwards.
A. Triglycerides / Blood, adipose tissue, lacteals, liver, and brain.
B. Phospholipids. / Building blocks = phosphate group (head, water)+ two fatty acids (tails, lipids).
C. Cholesterol / stabilizes the phospholipids, maintains the integrity of cell membrane.
D. Both B and C are correct. Correct
9. The two processes of protein synthesis are
A. transcription and translation. Correct
B. replication and duplication. / DNA during mitosis and meiosis (cellular reproduction).
C. transcription and replication. / genes are inactive!!!
D. translation and duplication.
10. Often referred to as the “power plant” of the cell, this organelle is the site of ATP production.
A. Endoplasmic reticulum / protein processing and folding + maintains and replace cell membrane.
B. Peroxisome / vesicles that contain hydrogen peroxide => destroy bacteria (TB, Pneumococcus, and meningococcus).
C. Lysosome / vesicle contains lytic enzymes => destroy microbes.
D. Mitochondria Correct
11. This process is the movement of water and solutes through a membrane by the force of hydrostatic pressure. / Kidneys
A. Osmosis / movement of water
B. Filtration Correct
C. Diffusion / down gradient [particles moving from high concentration to low concentration] PASSIVE.
D. Pinocytosis / cells digest fluids and other substances ACTIVE => use of ATP e.g. Na/K pump.
12. Spindle fibers form during this phase of mitosis.
A. Prophase Correct
B. Anaphase / Chromosomes are formed
C. Telophase / daughter cells formed
D. Metaphase / chromosomes align in the middle [Show Less]