Dyslexia:
An unexpected written language disorder that is neurological in origin.
Difficulties with:
Accurate/fluent word
... [Show More] recognition
Spelling
Decoding abilities
Misread common words, choppy, hesitant
Normal intellect
Core deficit- Phonological Awareness
Dysgraphia-
difficulty or poor handwriting
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Strephosymbolia-
Twisted symbols, 1st term used to describe dyslexia coined by S. Orton
Phonetics-
the study of speech sounds
Phonological Awareness-
ability to focus on units of sounds in spoken language and sentence/words/syllable/phoneme levels
Phonemic Awareness-
awareness of speech sounds/phonemes in spoken words
Phonics-
instruction that connects sounds -> letters
Phonology-
rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language
Alphabetic Principle-
understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by written letters Cox-Childs
Phoneme-
smallest unit of sound
Fluency-
reading with rapidity and automaticity
Prosody-
rhythmic flow of oral reading
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Pragmatics-
set of rules that dictate communicative behavior- rules we communicate by
Syntax-
sentence structure ***Grammar
Semantics-
word meaning
Grapheme-
a letter or cluster of letters that represent a single speech sound
Orthography-
spelling of written language
Orthographic memory-
memory of letter patterns and word spellings
Metalinguistics-
awareness of language as an entity
Guided discovery-
method of leading students to new learning through questioning
Heuristic-
to discover through demonstration
Decoding-
word recognition where phonetic code is broken down to determine a word
Blending-
fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into meaningful units
Reading-
symbol->sound, grapheme->phoneme
Encoding vs. Decoding:
Encoding- spelling and writing
Decoding- reading
Synthetic vs. Analytic:
**both-> syllable division
Synthetic- part ->whole, spelling
Analytic- whole->part, reading
Phonological Vs. Phonemic:
Phonological- sentence, word, and syllable level
Phonemic- individual speech sounds
Syntax vs. Semantics:
Syntax- grammar
Semantics- word meaning, Examples: Homophones, Synonyms and Antonyms
Analytic vs. Synthetic Instruction:
Analytic Instruction- *Whole Language, instruction that separates the whole into parts to reveal the relationship of the parts
Synthetic Instruction- *Phonics Instruction, instruction that begins with parts and builds to the whole
Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Process:
Bottom-Up- theory of reading as a process that consists of accurate sequential reading of every word. Comprehension= text driven rather than concept driven
Top-Down- theory of reading where reader uses own experiences/expectations to react to text
Principles of Multisensory Teaching: Someone said doing drugs sucks
Simultaneous, multisensory
Systematic and cumulative
Direct instruction
Diagnostic teaching
Synthetic and analytic
Components of Multisensory Teaching:
Please sit still making sand structures
Phonology/phonological awareness
Sound/Symbol association
Syllable instruction
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics [Show Less]