AGNP BOARD EXAM WITH ANSWERS – SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED ASSESSMENT
(23 Questions)
Question:
Which is NOT a type of diagnostic test for human
... [Show More] immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Antibody test
Combination antibody and antigen test
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) Correct
Nucleic acid tests (NATs)
Explanation:
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T-helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CD4 counts are most often assessed after the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been made. Tests for HIV include the antibody test, combination test, and nucleic acid tests. The CD4 count results, along with an HIV viral load, are used to evaluate the immune system of a person diagnosed with HIV infection and to monitor effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment (ART or ARV), also called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Question:
Which sexually transmitted disease (STD) is known as a ‘silent’ infection and often lacks abnormal physical examination findings?
Syphilis
Chlamydia Correct
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis
Explanation:
Chlamydia is known as a ‘silent’ infection because most infected people are asymptomatic and lack abnormal physical examination findings. A person with primary syphilis generally has chancres at the original site of infection. Symptoms of secondary syphilis include skin rash, swollen lymph nodes, and fever. Tertiary syphilis is associated with severe neurological problems. Trichomoniasis causes burning with urination, as well as foul smelling vaginal or penile discharge. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) causes a thin white or gray vaginal discharge, burning in the vagina, and a strong fish-like odor in women.
Question:
What is the gold standard method for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Bimanual examination
Urine culture
Gram stain Correct
Rectal examination
Explanation:
A Gram stain (considered the gold standard laboratory method for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis) is used to determine the relative concentration of lactobacilli (i.e., long gram-positive rods), gram-negative and gram-variable rods and cocci (i.e., G. vaginalis, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and peptostreptococci), and curved gram-negative rods (i.e., Mobiluncus) characteristic of bacterial vaginosis (BV).
Question:
What is the sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with Haemophilus ducreyi and characterized by painful necrotizing genital ulcers?
Herpes simplex virus
Chancroid Correct
Syphilis
Herpes zoster
Explanation:
Chancroid is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by an infection with Haemophilus ducreyi. It is characterized by painful necrotizing genital ulcers that may be accompanied by inguinal lymphadenopathy. Herpes simplex is caused by the herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1); syphilis is caused by a spirochete called Treponema pallidum; and herpes zoster is caused by varicella zoster virus.
Question:
Which of the following symptoms would be a clinical manifestation noted during the tertiary stage of syphilis?
A single painless lesion, chancre, on the genital area
Absence of symptoms
Rash marked by red or reddish-brown, penny-sized lesions over the palms and soles
Poor muscle coordination Correct
Explanation:
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that involves the genitals, skin and mucous membranes. Signs and symptoms occur in four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. Primary stage symptoms include a single painless lesion, chancre, on the genitals, rectum, tongue, or lip and enlarged lymph nodes. In the secondary stage, the rash is marked by red or reddish-brown, penny-sized lesions over any part of the body including the palms and soles. Fever, fatigue, soreness and aching may also be present. These symptoms may disappear within weeks or may come and go for a year. During the latent stage, the symptoms are absent. Symptoms may never recur or they may progress to the tertiary stage. In the tertiary stage, the symptoms become severe and involve the neurologic and cardiac organs and death can ensue. Poor muscle coordination, meningitis, deafness, and aortic valve problems are some symptoms that may be present.
Question:
Which of the following symptoms would be a clinical manifestation noted during the latent stage of syphilis?
A single painless lesion, chancre, on the genital area
Absence of symptoms Correct
Rash marked by red or reddish-brown, penny-sized lesions over the palms and soles
Poor muscle coordination
Explanation:
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that involves the genitals, skin and mucous membranes. Signs and symptoms occur in four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. Primary stage symptoms include a single painless lesion, chancre, on the genitals, rectum, tongue, or lip and enlarged lymph nodes. In the secondary stage, the rash is marked by red or reddish-brown, penny-sized lesions over any part of the body including the palms and soles. Fever, fatigue, soreness and aching may also be present. These symptoms may disappear within weeks or may come and go for a year. During the latent stage, the symptoms are absent. Symptoms may never recur or they may progress to the tertiary stage. In the tertiary stage, the symptoms become severe and involve the neurologic and cardiac organs and death can ensue. Poor muscle coordination, meningitis, deafness, and aortic valve problems are some symptoms that may be present.
Question:
What cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) lab result suggests that a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
l50 cells/mm3 Correct
300 cells/mm3
500 cells/mm3
650 cells/mm3
Explanation:
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) are cells that the HIV virus kills. As HIV infection progresses, the number of these cells declines. When the CD4 count drops below 200 due to advanced HIV disease, a person is diagnosed with AIDS. A normal range for CD4 cells is about 500-1,500.
Question:
Which of the following is NOT considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Correct
Explanation:
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection affecting young women. It is considered a sexually associated disease, not a sexually transmitted disease, and the chances of developing bacterial vaginosis seem to increase with the number of sexual partners a woman has. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis are considered sexually transmitted diseases (STD).
Question:
Development of a single, firm, painless, non-itchy genital skin chancre that develops into an ulcer describes which stage of syphilis?
Primary Correct
Secondary
Latent
Tertiary
Explanation:
Primary syphilis is typically acquired by direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person. Symptoms begin 3 to 90 days after the initial exposure when a skin lesion, called a chancre, appears at the point of contact. This is classically a single, firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration with a clean base and sharp borders 0.3–3.0 cm in size. The lesion may take on almost any form. In the classic form, it evolves from a macule to a papule and finally to an erosion or ulcer. During th [Show Less]