Which technique best determines whether the tissues in the chest are air-filled, fluid-filled, or solid?
Auscultation
Palpation
Inspection
... [Show More]
Percussion
Question:
The midaxillary line:
extends from the anterior axillary fold where the pectoralis major muscle inserts.
continues from the posterior axillary fold where the latissimus dorsi muscle inserts.
runs down from the apex of the axilla and lies between and parallel to the anterior and posterior lines.
extends through the inferior angle of the scapula when the arms are at the sides of the body.
Question:
When percussing the lower posterior chest, begin by:
standing on the side rather than directly behind the patient.
having the patient lie supine on the examining table.
carefully palpating any area the patient has reported pain.
using the ball or the ulnar surface of the hand.
Question:
A 65-year-old obese man with a past medical history of hypertension complains of increased fatigue during the day. The practitioner orders a polysomnogram to test for:
congestive heart failure (CHF).
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Question:
Pain from pleurisy may be referred to the:
right shoulder.
retrosternal area.
epigastric area.
back.
Question:
An acute viral illness that presents with a burning retrosternal discomfort and a dry cough is suggestive of:
tracheobronchitis.
chronic bronchitis.
bronchiectasis.
laryngitis.
Question:
When examining a patient for chest expansion, begin by:
hyperextending the examiner's middle finger of the left hand (pleximeter finger) and pressing its distal interphalangeal joint firmly on the surface to be examined.
placing the thumbs of the examiner at about the level of the tenth ribs with the fingers loosely grasping and parallel to the lateral rib cage.
positioning the examiner's right forearm close to the chest surface with the hand cocked upward.
standing on the side rather than directly behind the patient.
Question:
A patient who presents with a long history of cigarette smoking exhibits a dry to productive cough with dyspnea and weight loss. These symptoms could be consistent with:
a pulmonary embolus.
asthma.
a neoplasm of the lung.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Question:
The hilar region of the lungs describes:
the area around the heart.
the base of the lungs.
the posterior chest.
the upper, anterior area of the chest.
Question:
A condition associated with a chronic cough that produces copious amounts of purulent sputum is most likely:
tracheobronchitis.
chronic bronchitis.
bronchiectasis.
laryngitis.
Question:
To document chest findings located below the scapulae, which one of the following terms would be used?
Infraclavicular
Supraclavicular
Interscapular
Infrascapular
Question:
A 37-year-old female has audible stridor. This type of stridor is consistent with:
bronchiectasis.
pulmonary fibrosis.
cystic fibrosis.
a foreign object lodged in the upper trachea.
Question:
When auscultating breath sounds in a patient who has left sided heart failure, the breath sounds are:
vesicular with late inspiratory crackles in the dependent portions of the lungs and resonant on percussion.
bronchial with late inspiratory crackles over the involved area and dull on percussion.
vesicular without adventitious sounds and resonant on percussion.
decreased with some audible wheezes and diffusely hyperresonant on percussion.
Question:
Atypical respiratory symptoms associated with gastroesophageal disease (GERD) may include all of the following except:
coughing.
wheezing.
aspiration pneumonia.
rhinitis.
Question:
When percussing the chest in a patient who has left sided heart failure, the sound emanated would be:
resonant.
dull.
tympany.
diffusely hyperresonant.
Question:
To locate the twelfth rib, palpate:
anteriorly at the costal margin.
between the spine and the lateral chest.
at the tip of the scapula.
below the eleventh spinous process.
Question:
Respiratory effort in the neonate is initiated at birth as a result of:
an increase in the PO2 and a decrease in PCO2.
the continued functioning of the foramen ovale.
chemical, thermal, and mechanical factors.
drying off the infant.
Question:
A 3 year-old presents with a history of fever and cough over the past 24 hours. Findings on exam reveal: temperature of 102°F, apical heart rate of 157 beats/minute, and respiratory rate of 40 breaths/minute. Tachypnea in this child is most likely related to
paradoxical respirations.
the child's febrile state.
the child's age.
an airway obstruction.
Question:
Increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest, purse-lipped breathing, and dyspnea with talking, suggest:
pneumonia.
lung cancer.
bronchitis.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Question:
Breath sounds consisting of a full inspiratory phase and a shortened and softer expiratory phase normally audible over the hilar region of the chest are termed:
vesicular.
bronchial.
bronchovesicular.
rhonchi.
Question:
The line that extends through the inferior angle of the scapula when the arms are at the sides of the body is the:
mid vertebral line.
scapular line.
midclavicular line.
mid-spinal line.
Question:
When percussing the right upper posterior area of the chest, a dullness replaces the resonance sound usually heard in the lung. This sound would be suggestive of:
lobar pneumonia.
emphysema.
asthma.
pneumothorax.
Question:
When inspecting the chest for respiratory effort, which one of the following is not part of the inspection?
Overall patient appearance
Contour and movement of the chest
Color of the skin, nail beds, and lips
Assessment for tactile fremitus.
Question:
Which one of the following infants should be seen immediately by the nurse practitioner?
A two- week- old infant with nasal congestion and a respiratory rate of 64 breaths/minute
A one- week-old infant with a diaper rash and a respiratory rate of 44 breaths/minute
A one –month- old infant with an axillary temperature of 99.0 degrees Fahrenheit
A three- week- old breastfed infant who has had two loose stools today
Question:
The anterior surface landmark on the thorax that is denoted by a hollow U-shaped depression just above the sternum and between the clavicles is termed the:
sternum.
suprasternal notch.
substernal nodule.
spinous process.
Question:
Retractions are observed in all the following areas except the:
supraventricular area.
hilar area.
intercostal area.
costal marginal area.
Question:
Adventitious breath sounds, such as crackles, are:
low-pitched, dry, grating sounds heard on inspiration and expiration.
continuous, high-pitched, and musical heard on inspiration and expiration.
continuous, low-pitched and prolonged and heard on expiration.
popping, frying sounds, may be low or high-pitched and usually heard on inspiration.
Question:
The lower tip of the scapula is located:
near the fourth rib.
around the seventh or eighth rib.
midway between the ninth and tenth rib.
at the angle just above the twelfth rib.
Question:
Breath sounds auscultated over the periphery of the lung fields are quiet and wispy during the inspiratory phase followed by a short, almost silent expiratory phase. These breath sounds are considered:
vesicular.
bronchovesicular.
bronchial.
crackles.
Question:
Breath sounds heard over the periphery of the lung fields are:
bronchial.
abnormal.
bronchovesicular.
vesicular.
Question:
The palpation technique used to assess respiratory expansion of the chest is placing the hands on the eight or tenth ribs posteriorly with the thumbs close to the vertebrae, sliding the hand medially and grasping a small fold of skin between the thumbs. Then:
ask the patient to cough and note chest expansion.
ask the patient to take a deep breathe and note any delay in expansion during inhalation.
have the patient hold his breath for 15 seconds then note chest expansion.
have the patient exhale forcefully noting expansion on expiration.
Question:
Stridor heard louder in the neck than over the chest wall indicates:
an obstruction in the alveoli.
an obstruction in the main bronchus.
a partial obstruction in the larynx.
an obstruction in the bronchioles.
Question:
The angle of Louis is a useful place to start counting ribs. This landmark is located:
on the manubrium and body of the sternum.
near the xiphoid process.
just above the sternum.
between the two scapulae.
Question:
A patient who walked into the examination room, may be observed to be sitting and leaning forward in his chair. Lips were pursed during exhalation and arms are supported on the table. This position could be consistent with patients who have:
pneumonia.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
asthma.
croup.
Question:
Orthopnea is typically associated with all of the following conditions except:
left ventricular hypertrophy.
pulmonary embolus.
mitral stenosis.
obstructive lung disease.
Question:
A patient presents with a productive cough. Which one of the following descriptions of the mucus is correct?
Mucoid sputum is green, white, or pale yellow.
Tenacious sputum is consistent with patients who have cystic fibrosis.
Foul-smelling sputum is present in bronchitis.
Large volumes of purulent sputum are present in patients who have asthma.
Question:
When trying to differentiate between hemoptysis or blood streaked material, which one of the following observations is correct?
Hemoptysis is seen frequently in infants, children, and adolescents with allergic rhinitis.
Blood originating in the stomach is usually brighter than blood originating from the respiratory tract.
Hemoptysis is common in children with cystic fibrosis.
Blood streaked material often originates from the gastrointestinal tract.
Question:
The line that bisects the center of each clavicle at a point halfway between the palpated sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints is the:
midsternal line.
midclavicular line.
mid vertebral line.
mid scapular line.
Question:
Diminished breath sounds should be interpreted as:
suggestive of chronic pulmonary disease.
suggestive of severe respiratory failure.
an abnormal finding warranting further evaluation.
a normal finding.
Question:
When auscultating breath sounds, use the diaphragm of the stethoscope by placing it initially on the:
anterior chest at the nipple line.
lateral surface of the chest near the axilla.
posterior chest at the cervical 7 level.
anterior chest in the upper sternal area.
Question:
To document chest findings located at the lowermost portion of the lungs, which one of the following terms would be used?
Lower lung fields.
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Bases of the lungs
Question:
Breath sounds heard on chest over the hilar region are:
bronchial.
abnormal.
bronchovesicular.
vesicular.
Question:
Factors that aggravate costochondritis may include:
hypertension.
emotional stress.
swallowing cold foods.
movement of the chest, trunk, and arms.
Question:
One of the anterior thoracic landmarks is the costal angle. It is located:
where the manubrium and body of the sternum intersect.
where the right and left costal margins form an angle where they meet at the xiphoid process.
where the suprasternal notch and the sternum form an angle.
at the angle where the ninth and tenth ribs are fused.
Question:
When performing a respiratory assessment on a 4-year-old child, further evaluation is warranted in the presence of:
the use of the abdominal muscles.
eupneic respirations.
supraclavicular retractions.
vesicular sounds in the chest periphery.
Question:
To document chest findings located between the scapulae, which one of the following terms would be used?
Infraclavicular
Supraclavicular
Interscapular
Infrascapular
Question:
When palpating the thorax, a crackling, popping noise under the skin is heard. On auscultation, a sound similar to hair being rubbed between the fingers is noted. These symptoms could be consistent with:
pneumonia.
hemothorax.
pneumothorax.
bronchitis.
Question:
Breath sounds consisting of a full inspiratory and expiratory phase with the inspiratory phase usually being louder and normally heard over the trachea and larynx are considered:
bronchial.
abnormal.
bronchovesicular.
vesicular.
Question:
When percussing the posterior chest, which one of the following techniques would be omitted?
When comparing two areas on the chest, use the same percussion technique in both areas.
Percuss one side of the chest then the other at each level.
Percuss the areas over the scapulae.
If a louder note is needed, apply more pressure with the pleximeter finger.
Question:
The middle section of the thoracic cavity containing the esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels is the:
mediastinum.
pleural cavity.
visceral cavity.
pericardium.
Question:
On auscultation of the chest, if the patient says "ninety-nine" and it is clearly heard, this is indicative of:
a normal sounding chest.
lung density in the area.
consolidation or compression in the area.
of inflammation in the area. [Show Less]