Treatment of Bordetella pertussis in a patient with a hypersensitivity to macrolides is:
doxycycline.
clindamycin (Cleocin).
metronidazole
... [Show More] (Flagyl).
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim).
Question:
The mainstay of treatment in the management of mild and moderate croup is symptomatic relief that includes:
antibiotics.
beta-2 agonists.
corticosteroids.
decongestants.
Question:
In adults with community-acquired pneumonia in which B-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae is identified as the causative organism, the outpatient treatment of choice is:
amoxicillin (Amoxil).
azithromycin (Zithromax).
Cefixime (Suprax).
oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
Question:
A patient with sinusitis is treated with amoxicillin. Caution is advised with concomitant use of:
lisinopril (Zestril).
fexofenadine (Allegra).
warfarin (Coumadin).
furosemide (Lasix).
Question:
A patient with bacterial sinusitis taking an oral penicillin should be instructed:
to monitor capillary blood glucose readings if they have diabetes.
that additional protection against pregnancy is necessary if they are taking an oral contraceptive.
to use an anti-diarrheal if they experience diarrhea.
to avoid penicillin if they are pregnant or trying to become pregnant.
Question:
An example of a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma is:
dobutamine.
denopamine.
xamoterol.
albuterol.
Question:
Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles), a non-narcotic antitussive,:
does not cause sedation.
is centrally acting on cough receptors.
is safe in children 6 years and older.
should be swallowed whole.
Question:
Which of the following medications, when combined with pulmonary rehabilitation, enhances exercise performance?
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent).
Levalbuterol (Xopenex) inhaled.
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus).
Tiotropium (Spiriva HandiHaler).
Question:
Which of the following would NOT be a potential adverse reaction of an intramuscular corticosteroid?
anuria.
angioedema.
cardiac arrhythmias.
mood swings.
Question:
Doxycycline (Vibramycin), for the treatment of pneumonia, is classified as a:
fluoroquinolone.
penicillin.
macrolide.
tetracycline.
Question:
The main side effect related to the use of long-acting antimuscarinic antagonists is:
dry mouth.
headache.
tachycardia.
watering eyes.
Question:
Theophylline (Theo-24) relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and:
depresses the central nervous system.
decreases renal blood flow.
slows the heart rate.
produces anti-inflammatory effects.
Question:
Fluticasone/salmeterol is a combination inhaler that is branded as:
Advair Diskus.
Pulmicort.
Spiriva.
Symbicort.
Question:
The initial bronchodilator in the treatment of chronic bronchitis is:
albuterol (ProAir HFA).
fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA)
salmeterol (Serevent).
tiotropium (Spiriva HandiHaler).
Question:
The treatment of choice in the outpatient setting for an adult with community-acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a:
aminoglycoside.
cephalosporin (3rd generation).
macrolide.
penicillin.
Question:
A patient with diabetes who is started on corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic bronchitis exacerbation should be instructed to monitor for:
diaphoresis.
increased urination.
weight loss.
decreased thirst.
Question:
The beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist most commonly used to prevent bronchospasm associated with exercise-induced asthma is:
fluticasone (Flovent).
salmeterol (Serevent).
albuterol.
budesonide (Pulmicort).
.
Question:
Levofloxacin, for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia, is classified as a:
fluoroquinolone.
penicillin.
macrolide.
tetracycline.
Question:
When considering the use of theophylline to treat chronic bronchitis, its use is limited due to:
low-risk profile.
minimal effects on lung function.
wide therapeutic window.
frequent drug-drug interactions.
Question:
Patients with severe emphysema who are receiving chronic inhaled steroids are at increased risk of developing:
arthritis.
bronchospasms.
hypokalemia.
pneumonia.
Question:
For the treatment of a patient experiencing bronchospasms in response to an allergen, the LEAST favorable route for the administration of epinephrine, a catecholamine, is:
intramuscular.
sublingual.
subcutaneous.
oral.
Question:
Tiotropium (Spiriva HandiHaler), used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis,:
does not cause paradoxical bronchospasm.
is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to ipratropium (Atrovent HFA).
should not be combined with an inhaled steroid due to adverse reactions.
requires dosage adjustment in geriatrics and hepatically impaired patients.
Question:
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of albuterol (ProAir HFA)?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Paradoxical bronchospasm
Prolongation of the QTc interval
Tremor
Question:
When prescribing a macrolide such as erythromycin for a patient with strep pharyngitis, the patient should be informed that they may experience:
nausea and vomiting.
urticaria and exanthem.
itching and jaundice.
abdominal cramps and diarrhea.
Question:
According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines, oral prednisone for an acute exacerbation of emphysema should be administered for:
3 days.
5 days.
10 days.
14 days.
Question:
With the use of tiotropium (Spiriva HandiHaler), the patient should be instructed that:
contents are under pressure and may explode.
the inhaler has a dose counter to alert when empty.
a capsule that contains a dry powder is activated inside the inhaler.
it delivers a fine mist that should be breathed in slowly.
Question:
Caution is advised when theophylline (Theo-24) is prescribed for patients with a history of:
atrial fibrillation.
diabetes.
narrow-angle glaucoma.
mild renal impairment.
Question:
Dextromethorphan, a cough suppressant, is safe to administer to patients who have:
difficulty clearing secretions.
Parkinson's disease.
hypertension.
depression and are taking venlafaxine (Effexor).
Question:
Glucocorticoids are indicated for the treatment of:
acute bronchitis.
asthma exacerbations.
lupus.
dry cough.
.
Question:
For asthma symptoms requiring use of a short-acting bronchodilator more than 2 times a week, the preferred addition to the treatment regimen is:
short-acting anticholinergics.
low-dose inhaled corticosteroid.
adding a long-acting bronchodilator.
xanthines.
Question:
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), a beta-lactam antibiotic,:
has a 6-hour half-life.
is highly protein bound.
is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.
is readily diffused into brain and spinal tissue.
.
Question:
An example of an inhaled glucocorticoid used in the treatment of asthma is:
albuterol (ProAir HFA)
budesonide (Pulmicort)
ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)
montelukast (Singulair)
Question:
Which statement is NOT true about beta2-agonists?
There are short-acting and long-acting formulations.
Long-acting beta2-agonists have no effect on decline of lung function and mortality.
Stimulation of beta2 receptors may cause resting tachycardia and somatic tremor.
Long-acting beta2-agonists have no effect on reduction of exacerbations.
Question:
The mechanism of action of inhaled glucocorticoids in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is to:
block the action of acetylcholine.
decrease the activity of inflammatory mediators.
relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi.
stimulate beta 2 receptors.
Question:
Robitussin DM is a combination of dextromethorphan and:
benzonatate.
benzocaine.
guaifenesin.
phenylephrine.
Question:
Leukotriene antagonists such as montelukast (Singulair) should not be prescribed if the patient has preexisting:
asthma.
colitis.
depression.
peripheral vascular disease.
Question:
Doxycycline (Vibramycin) is the preferred treatment of pneumonia caused by:
Haemophilus influenzae.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Question:
Which of the following medications is classified as a short-acting antimuscarinic antagonist (SAMA)?
Albuterol (ProAir HFA).
Budesonide (Pulmicort).
Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA).
Montelukast (Singulair).
Question:
For asthma symptoms occurring daily with nighttime symptoms greater than one time per week, the preferred daily treatment is a:
long-acting bronchodilator.
long-acting bronchodilator and an inhaled corticosteroid.
long-acting bronchodilator and a leukotriene receptor antagonist.
high-dose inhaled corticosteroid and theophylline.
Question:
When used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), macrolides:
inhibit beta-lactamase.
prevent bacterial DNA from replicating.
inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
Question:
Which medication is classified as a xanthine?
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)
Montelukast (Singulair)
Theophylline (Theo-24)
Question:
Bactrim DS can be used to treat a patient with pneumonia. The "DS" in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS) stands for:
diethylstilbestrol.
double strength.
double stranded.
the chemical element darmstadtium.
Question:
Theophylline (Theo-24) may have an effect on the serum concentrations of:
BUN and creatinine.
hematocrit and platelets.
potassium and magnesium.
total cholesterol and uric acid levels.
Question:
The recommended treatment for community-acquired pneumonia secondary to an atypical pathogen in a previously healthy patient who has a macrolide allergy is:
azithromycin (Zithromax).
doxycycline (Vibramycin).
metronidazole (Flagyl).
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim).
Question:
Routine management of bronchiolitis in moderately ill children includes:
antibiotics.
bronchodilators.
nebulized hypertonic saline.
oral steroids.
Question:
The brand name for albuterol (inhaled) is:
Advair.
Flovent.
Serevent.
Ventolin.
Question:
The mechanism of action of short-acting antimuscarinic antagonists (SAMA) such as ipratropium is to:
block the action of acetylcholine.
decrease the activity of inflammatory mediators.
relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi.
stimulate beta 2 receptors.
Question:
Azithromycin (Zithromax) and other macrolides are safe to administer with:
carbamazepine (Tegretol).
carvedilol (Coreg).
ondansetron (Zofran).
verapamil (Calan).
Question:
The initial recommended treatment for uncomplicated acute bronchitis in adults is:
antibiotics.
antihistamines.
antitussives.
decongestants.
.
Question:
Doxycycline (Doryx), for the treatment of pneumonia,:
does not cause photosensitivity.
guarantees protection against malaria when taken appropriately.
is less likely to predispose the patient to vaginal candidiasis.
may cause esophageal irritation and ulceration.
Question:
An example of a long-acting bronchodilator is:
albuterol (ProAir HFA).
budesonide (Pulmicort).
ipratropium (Atrovent HFA).
salmeterol (Serevent Diskus).
Question:
The most common symptom of theophylline toxicity is:
headache.
hypoglycemia.
lethargy.
vomiting.
Question:
The generic name for Tessalon Perles, used to treat cough, is:
benzonatate.
benzocaine.
guaifenesin.
phenylephrine.
Question:
Albuterol (ProAir HFA), used in the treatment of asthma, causes bronchodilation by:
blocking the action of acetylcholine.
decreasing the activity of inflammatory mediators.
relaxing the smooth muscles of the bronchi.
stimulating beta 2 receptors.
Question:
Patients who are already on tiotropium (Spiriva) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should not take a(n):
short-acting anticholinergic agent.
short-acting bronchodilator.
long-acting bronchodilator.
inhaled corticosteroid.
Question:
The antibiotic of choice in the management of Bordetella pertussis in all age groups is:
azithromycin (Zithromax).
doxycycline.
clindamycin (Cleocin).
metronidazole (Flagyl).
Question:
Which of the following scenarios would NOT warrant monitoring of a serum theophylline level?
Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
New diagnosis of diabetes
Prior to initiating therapy
Prior to a routine pulmonary function test
Question:
The peak blood levels for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole contained in Bactrim DS are approximately:
3 hours.
6 hours.
8 hours.
10 hours.
Question:
Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles), used to treat cough, is classified as a(n):
expectorant.
mucolytic.
narcotic antitussive.
non-narcotic antitussive.
Question:
Montelukast (Singulair), a leukotriene inhibitor, is:
indicated for the treatment of chronic asthma in adults and children 12 months and older.
not indicated for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction for children ages 6-11.
indicated in the relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms in children and adults 12 months and older.
indicated for the prophylactic and chronic treatment of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Question:
Which of the following is a short-acting bronchodilator?
Albuterol (ProAir HFA).
Formoterol (Foradilaerolizer).
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent HFA).
salmeterol (Serevent Diskus).
Question:
Albuterol (ProAir HFA) is NOT recommended for use in the treatment of:
a 3-year-old with bronchospasms.
a 6-year-old with exercise induced asthma.
a 45-year-old smoker with COPD exacerbation.
a 65-year-old with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention.
Question:
Toxic effects of theophylline (Theo-24) may be increased by:
phenobarbital.
phenytoin.
rifampin.
cimetidine.
Question:
When used in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, macrolides:
mainly inhibit growth of gram-positive cocci and atypical pathogens.
mainly inhibit growth of gram-negative cocci.
are considered bacteriostatic at high concentrations.
do not usually become group A streptococcus resistant.
Question:
With acute exacerbation of bronchitis, inhaled steroid use should be:
stopped.
increased in frequency.
decreased in frequency.
transitioned to a higher dose.
Question:
Which of the following is a combination long-acting beta2-agonist and an inhaled steroid?
Ipratropium bromide/albuterol
Olodaterol/tiotropium
Salbutamol/ipratropium
Salmeterol/fluticasone
Question:
Potential drug-drug interactions may occur when albuterol is combined with:
ACE inhibitors.
leukotriene antagonists.
potassium-wasting medications.
serotonin (5HT1) receptor agonist.
Question:
Which medication is NOT appropriate treatment for exercise-induced asthma?
Short-acting bronchodilator monotherapy
Inhaled corticosteroids
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Long-acting bronchodilator monotherapy
Question:
An indication for the use of beta2 adrenergic receptor agonists is:
tachycardia.
asthma.
hypokalemia.
hypertension.
Question:
A patient who is receiving warfarin (Coumadin) requires the initiation of doxycycline (Doryx) for the treatment of pneumonia. The nurse practitioner knows that:
this may cause a severe drug-drug interaction.
the warfarin (Coumadin) dose may need to be decreased.
the warfarin (Coumadin) dose may need to be increased.
this is one of the few drugs that warfarin (Coumadin) does not interact with.
Question:
In children between the ages of 5-11, the long-term use of which asthma medication may cause a transient slowing of growth?
Albuterol sulfate (Proventil) inhaled
Budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler) inhaled
Levalbuterol (Xopenex) inhaled
Montelukast (Singulair) oral
Question:
The primary antibiotic option for suspected pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in a patient with HIV infection is:
moxifloxacin (Avelox).
amphotericin B liposomal (AmBisome).
levofloxacin (Levaquin).
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim).
Question:
Which asthma medication does NOT directly exhibit an anti-inflammatory action?
Cromolyn sodium (Intal)
Fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA)
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent HFA)
Theophylline (Theo-24)
Question:
In the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), common side effects of corticosteroids may include:
hypotension and hyperkalemia.
muscle weakness and hyponatremia.
hypernatremia and hypokalemia.
weight loss and hirsutism.
Question:
Which of the following is an adrenergic drug that acts on the sympathetic nervous system?
Epinephrine
Atropine
Scopolamine
Pilocarpine
Question:
Prolonged use of corticosteroids in children generally does NOT lead to:
obesity.
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
osteoporosis.
growth retardation.
Question:
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) is associated with potentially serious side effects, including:
esophageal ulcer.
pericarditis.
pseudotumor cerebri.
spontaneous tendon rupture.
Question:
The likelihood of a drug-related rash is increased when Augmentin is administered to a patient with a:
diagnosis of mononucleosis.
hypersensitivity to clarithromycin.
milk allergy.
decreased glomerular filtration rate.
Question:
Patient instructions for the use of inhaled steroids would NOT include to:
hold breath for 5-10 seconds after deeply inhaling the medication.
store the inhaler at room temperature.
float the canister in water to determine whether it is empty.
rinse mouth with water, gargle and spit after inhalation.
Question:
Long-acting bronchodilators, such as salmeterol (Serevent Diskus), are indicated in the treatment of:
intermittent asthma in patients 12 years and older.
exercise-induced asthma when the short-acting bronchodilator is ineffective.
mild persistent asthma in ages 5-11 years.
moderate persistent asthma in 5-11-year-olds, when combined with low-dose inhaled steroid.
Question:
Inhaled antimuscarinic agents, such as ipratropium bromide (Atrovent HFA),:
only come in a short-acting form.
reduce exacerbation rates better than beta2-agonists.
increase cyclic AMP to create antagonism to bronchoconstriction.
are rarely utilized due to significant side effect profile.
Question:
The patient's use of inhaler technique should be evaluated:
at the initiation of therapy.
at each visit.
every 6 months.
yearly.
Question:
The mechanism of action of dextromethorphan is to:
decrease parasympathetic tone of arterioles.
decrease the sensitivity of cough receptors in the medulla.
relax smooth muscles in the bronchial tubes.
increase surface velocity of airflow during cough.
Question:
Xanthines such as theophylline, used in the treatment of COPD, cause bronchodilation by:
blocking the action of acetylcholine.
decreasing the activity of inflammatory mediators.
relaxing the smooth muscles of the bronchi.
stimulating beta 2 receptors.
Question:
Unless contraindicated, all patients with a diagnosis of emphysema should receive:
inhaled corticosteroids.
influenza vaccination.
supplemental oxygen.
theophylline (Theo-24).
Question:
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) should be avoided in patients with a history of:
diabetes.
hypotension.
myasthenia gravis.
transient ischemic attacks.
Question:
Which of the following medications is slowly and incompletely metabolized by the liver and excreted largely unchanged in the urine within 24 hours of oral administration?
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (Sudafed)
Question:
For complaints of dysphonia related to the use of mometasone (Asmanex Twisthaler), the patient should be advised to:
stop the inhaler immediately.
decrease the dosage.
apply an oropharyngeal analgesic prior to use.
utilize a spacer for administration.
Question:
For previously healthy children with mild to moderate symptoms of suspected bacterial community-acquired pneumonia secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae, the first-line therapy is:
amoxicillin (Amoxil).
ceftriaxone (Rocephin).
erythromycin base (Ery-Tab).
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS).
Question:
Montelukast (Singulair) is more than 99% bound to plasma proteins, extensively metabolized and eliminated via:
bile.
expired breaths.
sweat.
urine.
Question:
For the treatment of chronic bronchitis, macrolides are contraindicated in patients who:
are allergic to penicillin.
have mild renal insufficiency.
have hepatic dysfunction.
are pregnant.
Question:
Which of the following is an muscarinic antagonist for use in exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?
albuterol (ProAir HFA).
fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA)
salmeterol (Serevent).
tiotropium (Spiriva HandiHaler).
Question:
Montelukast (Singulair) blocks or inhibits the action of:
adenosine receptors.
leukotrienes.
stretch receptors.
substance P.
Question:
When treating a patient with amoxicillin, he should be instructed to take the medication:
with food.
with milk.
with a large glass of water.
with a high-fat meal.
Question:
A patient with pertussis is allergic to macrolide antibiotics and is being treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. She does NOT need to be monitored for:
crystalluria.
leukopenia.
hyperglycemia.
elevated liver enzymes.
Question:
Which medication has the greatest effect on the reduction of emphysema exacerbations?
An inhaled corticosteroid
A short-acting bronchodilator
A long-acting bronchodilator
A long-acting muscarinic antagonist.
Question:
In Augmentin, amoxicillin and clavulanate are combined. The action of clavulanate is to:
inhibit cell wall synthesis.
bind to beta lactamase, hindering enzymatic activity.
inhibit nucleic acid and protein synthesis.
increase permeability of the cell wall.
Question:
In the treatment of pneumonia, a macrolide such as clarithromycin should NOT be coadministered with:
acetaminophen.
atorvastatin.
furosemide.
propanolol.
Question:
In an acute upper respiratory infection, beta-lactam antibiotics:
have a bacteriostatic effect on bacteria.
inhibit cell wall synthesis of gram-positive bacteria.
are mostly narrow-spectrum.
inhibit growth of MRSA.
Question:
Which of the following medications does NOT produce bronchodilation?
Short-acting anticholinergic
Beta-adrenergic agonists
Glucocorticosteroids
Xanthines [Show Less]