A 45-year-old woman has been taking oral omeprazole (Prilosec) 40 mg twice daily for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. To discontinue the
... [Show More] medication the nurse practitioner would:
advise the patient to stop the medication.
reduce the dose by 50% every other day.
reduce the dose by 50% weekly.
reduce dose by 50% every month.
Question:
Patients receiving long-term proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are at increased risk for fractures and:
lower extremity edema.
extraesophageal symptoms.
myocardial infarction.
muscle spasms.
Question:
Ondansetron (Zofran) dosage should be adjusted in patients:
with renal insufficiency.
who are pregnant.
who are > 65 years old.
with hepatic impairment.
Question:
The antiemetic that does NOT have potential to cause QT prolongation is:
promethazine (Phenergan).
chlorpromazine (Thorazine).
ondansetron (Zofran).
prochlorperazine (Compazine).
Question:
Promethazine (Phenergan), a 1st generation antihistamine, is contraindicated in the presence of:
motion sickness.
sedation.
asthma.
seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Question:
Oral metoclopramide is contraindicated in the patient diagnosed with:
migraines.
epilepsy.
diabetes.
renal impairment.
Question:
Hyperosmotic agents and saline laxatives should be avoided or used with caution in patients who have:
chronic constipation.
liver disease.
heart failure.
hypothyroidism.
Question:
Corticosteroids, used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, usually do NOT:
increase the rate of infection.
reduce the effectiveness of vaccines.
increase the effectiveness of antibiotics.
increase the risk of developing osteoporosis.
Question:
The plasma elimination half-life of esomeprazole (Nexium) is:
1-1.5 hours.
2-3 hours.
3.5-5 hours.
6-8 hours.
Question:
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as pantoprazole (Protonix), block gastrointestinal acid secretion by:
converting cations to anions and pumping from parietal cell to the secretory canaliculus.
prohibiting the pumping of hydrogen ions into the parietal cell.
inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase transport enzyme.
inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase transport enzyme.
Question:
A 7-10 day regimen of ciprofloxacin (Cipro) plus metronidazole (Flagyl) is indicated for the outpatient treatment of:
bacterial vaginosis.
uncomplicated diverticulitis.
Clostridium difficile.
gastroenteritis.
Question:
Ranitidine (Zantac), a histamine receptor antagonist, is contraindicated in:
children.
pancreatitis.
phenylketonuria (PKU).
Zollinger-Ellison disease.
Question:
A patient who has been taking a proton pump inhibitor for the last 6 months reports persistent diarrhea for the past 3 weeks. The nurse practitioner should consider:
colitis.
gastroparesis.
bacterial gastroenteritis.
Clostridium difficile.
Question:
Histamine receptor antagonists (H2RA), such as famotidine (Pepcid), inhibit acid secretions by:
blocking the parietal cells (acid-producers) from responding to histamine.
blocking transport of histamine across the ATPase Pump.
antagonizing the release of histamine from the enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL cells).
antagonizing hydrogen ions from responding to histamine.
Question:
The length of treatment for oral metoclopramide should NOT exceed:
4 weeks.
8 weeks.
10 weeks.
12 weeks.
Question:
A 42-year-old patient is being treated with 40 mg of famotidine (Pepcid) daily for the treatment of duodenal ulcers. The best time for the patient to take this medication is:
on an empty stomach, 1 hour prior to breakfast.
with breakfast.
prior to the largest meal of the day.
at bedtime.
Question:
Topical steroid cream, used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, should be applied twice daily for no more than:
3 days.
5 days.
7 days
10 days.
Question:
The drug of choice for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is:
droperidol (Inapsine).
chlorpromazine (Thorazine).
ondansetron (Zofran).
promethazine (Phenergan).
Question:
Long-term use of histamine receptor antagonists (H2RA), such as ranitidine (Zantac), has been associated with:
hypermagnesemia.
vitamin B12 deficiency.
iron deficiency.
hypocalcemia.
Question:
Due to potential for extrapyramidal symptoms, oral metoclopramide (Reglan) should NOT be administered concomitantly with:
sertraline (Zoloft).
hydralazine (Apresoline).
hydromorphone (Dilaudid).
lamotrigine (Lamictal).
Question:
Prior to the initiation of long-term treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and periodically during therapy, the nurse practitioner should monitor serum:
potassium.
sodium.
magnesium.
calcium.
Question:
Drug classes used as antiemetics do NOT include:
benzodiazepines.
glucocorticoids.
antidepressants.
cannabinoids.
Question:
Patients who take corticosteroids for Crohn's disease should be instructed to notify the nurse practitioner if pain develops in the:
wrist.
elbow.
hip.
lower back.
Question:
Corticosteroids, used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, are produced by the:
pituitary gland.
hypothalamus.
adrenal glands.
pancreas.
Question:
Metoclopramide, for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, should be administered orally:
30 minutes after meals and at bedtime.
30 minutes prior to meals and at bedtime.
with meals.
with a full glass of water before bed.
Question:
The brand name of omeprazole is:
Prevacid.
Prilosec.
Protonix.
Probenecid.
Question:
Which medication may be used in infants for the treatment of functional constipation?
Senna (Senokot)
Mineral oil
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
Polyethylene glycol 3350 (MiraLax)
Question:
Patients should be advised to remove the scopolamine patch if an adverse reaction occurs, such as:
constipation.
confusion.
drowsiness.
mydriasis.
Question:
For patients who didn’t respond to an initial course of triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori, an alternate regimen should be prescribed. It would include a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and:
amoxicillin and clarithromycin.
amoxicillin and cephalexin.
metronidazole and clarithromycin.
metronidazole and tetracycline.
Question:
In the patient with an allergy to penicillin, treatment of Helicobacter pylori would include a proton pump inhibitor plus:
amoxicillin and clarithromycin.
amoxicillin/clavulanate and tetracycline.
metronidazole and clarithromycin.
amoxicillin and cephalexin.
Question:
The brand name of pantoprazole is:
Prevacid.
Prilosec.
Protonix.
Probenecid.
Question:
In patients with severe renal failure, the dosage of histamine receptor antagonists (H2RA) should be reduced by:
25%.
30%.
50%.
75%.
Question:
The bioavailability and time to peak of oral ondansetron (Zofran) in the treatment of noncancerous nausea and vomiting are:
30% and 2 hours.
50% and 1 hour.
60% and 2 hours.
80% and 1 hour.
Question:
The generic name for Dramamine is:
doxylamine.
diphenhydramine.
brompheniramine.
dimenhydrinate.
Question:
Which of the following agents is NOT typically used to treat symptoms of pain and bloating associated with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
Peppermint oil
Linaclotide (Linzess)
Hyoscyamine (Levsin)
Question:
The duration of action of meclizine (Antivert) is:
2 hours.
4 hours.
6 hours.
8 hours.
Question:
Quadruple therapy for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori consists of:
reflux precautions, proton pump inhibitor, bismuth subsalicylate and an antibiotic.
bismuth subsalicylate, a proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics.
an antacid, bismuth subsalicylate, proton pump inhibitor and an antibiotic.
two proton pump inhibitors and two antibiotics.
Question:
The brand name for esomeprazole is:
Flexium.
Nexavar.
Protonix.
Nexium.
Question:
The brand name of prochlorperazine maleate is:
Cyclivert.
Thorazine.
Phenergan.
Compazine.
Question:
Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) is indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with:
chemotherapy.
gastroenteritis.
hyperemesis gravidarum.
motion sickness.
Question:
Triple therapy for treatment of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori consists of:
reflux precautions, proton pump inhibitor and an antibiotic.
dietary modifications, bismuth subsalicylate and two antibiotics.
an antacid, proton pump inhibitor and an antibiotic.
a proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics.
Question:
The brand name of metoclopramide, an antiemetic, is:
Megace.
Renagel.
Reglan.
Metolazone.
Question:
A patient who has failed two courses of therapy for Helicobacter pylori should:
be admitted for intravenous therapy.
receive quadruple therapy for 3 months' duration.
receive reinforced education about compliance with medications.
be considered for enrollment in a trial study.
Question:
Ondansetron (Zofran) is available as:
intramuscular and intravenous solutions only.
oral disintegrating tablets and an intravenous solution only.
oral elixir and disintegrating tablets only.
oral elixir, tablets, soluble film, disintegrating tablets, intramuscular and intravenous solution.
Question:
The first-line regimen for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) plus:
amoxicillin and clarithromycin.
amoxicillin/clavulanate and tetracycline.
clarithromycin and tetracycline.
amoxicillin and cephalexin.
Question:
Lubiprostone (Amitiza), used in the treatment of chronic constipation, is contraindicated in patients who have:
suspected mechanical bowel obstruction.
irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.
opioid-induced constipation.
chronic idiopathic constipation.
Question:
A 54-year-old man is diagnosed with diabetic gastroparesis. The drug that will promote gastrointestinal tract motility and produce an antiemetic effect is:
prochlorperazine maleate (Compazine).
erythromycin base (Ery-Tab).
dronabinol (Marinol).
metoclopramide (Reglan).
Question:
The dose of prochlorperazine should be initiated at the lowest dose and titrated slowly in:
a 10-year-old patient.
a 45-year-old woman with renal impairment.
a 50-year-old man with hepatic impairment.
a 70-year-old man patient.
Question:
Due to safety concerns, scopolamine should be used with caution:
in adolescents.
in older adults.
as an adjunct to anesthesia.
in patients with diabetes.
Question:
Antacids that contain aluminum hydroxide commonly cause:
diarrhea.
constipation.
hyperphosphatemia.
vomiting.
Question:
The most commonly reported side effect of metronidazole and clarithromycin combination therapy for Helicobacter pylori is:
diarrhea.
headache.
nausea.
metallic taste.
Question:
The following medication should NOT be administered concomitantly with clopidogrel (Plavix):
pantoprazole (Protonix).
rabeprazole (Aciphex).
lansoprazole (Prevacid).
omeprazole (Prilosec).
Question:
Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, given with antibiotics for triple therapy treatment of Helicobacter pylori should be administered:
daily.
twice daily.
three times daily.
every 6 hours.
Question:
Oral promethazine used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting should be administered as needed every:
3 hours.
4 hours.
8 hours.
12 hours.
Question:
The brand name of famotidine is:
Factive.
Pepcid.
Protonix.
Prilosec
Question:
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)?
Aspirin allergy
Penicillin allergy
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Coagulation disorder
Question:
Patients should be advised to stop taking promethazine (Phenergan) and seek care if they develop:
hypertension.
frequent urination.
headache.
bradykinesia.
Question:
An antacid that may cause constipation is:
aluminum hydroxide.
sodium citrate.
magnesium hydroxide.
sodium bicarbonate.
Question:
The recommended duration of therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori is:
5 days.
14 days.
21 days.
30 days.
Question:
Prochlorperazine and chlorpromazine are classified as:
neurokinin receptor antagonists.
serotonin receptor antagonists.
dopamine receptor antagonists.
anticholinergic agents.
Question:
Infliximab (Remicade), a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, is:
used to treat Crohn's disease in children.
is not indicated for use in patients who have ulcerative colitis.
can increase exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis.
is not approved for patients who have plaque psoriasis.
Question:
Promethazine (Phenergan) should not be used in children younger than 2 years due to:
arrhythmias.
respiratory depression.
liver toxicity.
gynecomastia.
Question:
Which of the following medications used for the treatment of GERD works by neutralizing hydrochloric (HCl) acid in the stomach to rapidly increase gastric pH?
Calcium carbonate (Tums)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Question:
Helicobacter pylori is naturally resistant to:
clarithromycin (Biaxin).
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim).
levofloxacin (Levaquin).
rifabutin (Mycobutin).
Question:
To reduce possible side effects related to triple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori, patients should be advised to:
drink plenty of water.
avoid gluten-containing foods.
take a probiotic.
take a statin.
Question:
The scopolamine patch should be applied:
behind the ear.
on the abdomen.
inside the wrist.
on the temple.
Question:
The class of medications most useful in the treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting is the:
dopamine receptor antagonists.
histamine receptor antagonists.
muscarinic receptor antagonists.
serotonin receptor antagonists.
Question:
Which of the following laxatives should be avoided in patients who have renal impairment?
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
Psyllium (Metamucil)
Sodium docusate (Colace)
Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
Question:
How much fiber is optimal for a patient with hemorrhoids?
5-15 g/day
10-20 g/day
20-30 g/day
25-35 g/day
Question:
Prolonged use of metoclopramide (Reglan) for the treatment of gastroparesis may cause:
weight loss.
gastric dysmotility.
tardive dyskinesia.
thrombocytopenia.
Question:
Histamine receptor antagonists (H2RA), such as ranitidine (Zantac), reach peak serum concentrations within:
1-3 hours.
4-6 hours.
8-10 hours.
12 hours.
Question:
The antibiotics in triple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori should be administered:
daily.
twice daily.
three times daily.
every 6 hours.
Question:
Which therapy should be initiated in a patient with moderate Clostridium difficile infection who has failed to respond to treatment with metronidazole (Flagyl)?
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
Oral vancomycin (Vancocin)
Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Question:
Rabeprazole (Aciphex), used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, is classified as a(n):
antacid.
H2-histamine receptor antagonist.
proton pump inhibitor.
prokinetic.
Question:
Metoclopramide (Reglan), an antiemetic, increases gastric motility by:
activating dopamine and serotonin receptors and enhancing the action of acetylcholine.
blocking serotonin receptors and prohibiting the action of acetylcholine.
blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors and enhancing the action of acetylcholine.
activating dopamine receptors and prohibiting the action of acetylcholine.
Question:
Which of the following is NOT a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist?
Dolasetron (Anzemet)
Granisetron (Sustol)
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Question:
First-line therapy for the empiric treatment of peptic ulcer disease includes treatment of the underlying cause plus:
proton pump inhibitor therapy.
H2 antagonist therapy.
sucralfate (Carafate).
misoprostol (Cytotec).
Question:
The medication that suppresses vestibular end-organ receptors and inhibits activation of central cholinergic pathways is:
prochlorperazine (Compazine).
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine).
cycline (Cyclivert).
meclizine (Antivert).
Question:
The most commonly reported side effects of oral ondansetron (Zofran) are:
drowsiness and headache.
headache and constipation.
urinary retention and diarrhea.
drowsiness and urinary retention.
Question:
The medication class indicated for the intermittent (on-demand) relief of mild gastroesophageal reflux is:
proton pump inhibitors.
histamine receptor antagonists.
antacids.
surface agents and alginates.
Question:
In addition to metoclopramide (Reglan), another prokinetic drug used to improve gastric motility is:
prochlorperazine maleate (Compazine).
erythromycin base (Ery-Tab).
dronabinol (Marinol).
sucralfate (Carafate).
Question:
Anticholinergic agents reduce nausea and vomiting by antagonizing the:
dopamine receptors.
histamine receptors.
muscarinic receptors.
serotonin receptors.
Question:
Which of the following medications is classified as an antihistamine and a phenothiazine?
Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Meclizine (Antivert)
Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop)
Question:
To prevent motion sickness, a patient who is preparing to go on a cruise should be advised to apply the scopolamine patch:
12 hours prior to departure and daily as needed.
1 hour prior to departure and daily as needed.
at least 4 hours before departure and every 3 days as needed.
3 days prior to departure and every 3 days as needed.
Question:
Side effects related to transdermal scopolamine may include:
diarrhea.
hyperhidrosis.
urinary retention.
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