AGNP BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS EYE EAR NOSE THROAT Prescription (102
Questions)
Question:
Oral tetracycline (Sumycin), for the treatment of acute frontal
... [Show More] sinusitis, should be administered:
with milk.
with meals.
on an empty stomach. Correct
with an antacid.
Explanation:
Tetracycline (Sumycin) should be administered on an empty stomach (i.e., 1 hour prior to, or 2
hours after meals) to increase total absorption and with adequate amount of fluid to reduce the
risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration. It should be administered at least 1 to 2 hours prior
to, or 4 hours after, an antacid containing aluminum and magnesium cations. It may chelate with
tetracycline (Sumycin) and reduce its total absorption. Serum concentrations may be decreased if
taken with dairy products.
Question:
The brand name for sulfacetamide ophthalmic is:
AzaSite.
Bleph-10. Correct
Besivance.
Garamycin.
Explanation:
The brand name of sulfacetamide ophthalmic is Bleph-10. AzaSite is the brand name of
azithromycin. Besifloxacin is the generic name for Besivance. The generic name of Garamycin is
gentamicin sulfate.
Question:
The generic name for Polytrim ophthalmic is:
trimethoprim and polymyxin B. Correct
bacitracin/polymyxin B.
azithromycin.
besifloxacin.
Explanation:
AGNP BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS EYE EAR NOSE THROAT Prescription
The generic name for Polytrim is trimethoprim and polymyxin B. Polycin is the brand name for
bacitracin/polymyxin B. The brand name for azithromycin is AzaSite. Besifloxacin brand name
is Besivance.
Question:
Which of the following does NOT cause a drug-disease interaction when using a
decongestant/antihistamine medication such as Naphazoline/pheniramine (Naphcon-A)?
Cardiovascular disease
Angle-closure glaucoma
Prostatic hypertrophy
Hypothyroidism Correct
Explanation:
Contraindications/cautions when using naphazoline/pheniramine (Naphcon-A) include angleclosure glaucoma, MAOI inhibitor use within 14 days, cardiovascular disease, hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, prostatic hypertrophy and urinary tract obstruction.
Question:
The maximum daily dose of acetaminophen for ages 12 years and older is:
1200 milligrams/day.
2000 milligrams/day.
3000 milligrams/day.
4000 milligrams/day. Correct
Explanation:
Acetaminophen generally is safe to use. In high doses, however, it can cause liver damage. Doses
of 4000 mg (4 grams) per day should not be exceeded in patients 12 years and older. Maximum
dose in neonates is 60 mg/kg/day and 75 mg/kg/day in infants and children.
Question:
For treatment of blepharitis, patients should be instructed to apply erythromycin ointment to the
affected eye using:
a 0.5 inch ribbon 3 times daily for 5 days.
a 0.5 cm ribbon 3 times daily for 5 days.
a 1-inch ribbon 5 times daily for 7 days.
a 1-cm ribbon 5 times daily for 7 days. Correct
Explanation:
Patients should be instructed to apply a 1-cm ribbon of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment up to
6 times daily for up to 10 days.
Question:
Ophthalmic cromolyn inhibits the degranulation of sensitized mast cells. It is indicated in the
treatment of:
acute conjunctivitis.
vernal conjunctivitis. Correct
fungal keratitis.
herpes keratoconjunctivitis.
Explanation:
Ophthalmic cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer used to prevent or control allergic conditions. It is
indicated in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and vernal
keratitis. Vernal conjunctivitis is long-term inflammation of the outer lining of the eyes. It is due
to an allergic reaction.
Question:
The most effective treatment for eradication of group A streptococcus in those who are apparent
carriers is:
a single dose of intramuscular penicillin (Bicillin).
oral rifampin (Rifadin) for 4 days.
oral clindamycin (Cleocin) for 10 days. Correct
a single dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone (Rocephin).
Explanation:
The most effective treatment for eradication of group A streptococcus in those who are carriers is
oral clindamycin (Cleocin) for 10 days. A single dose of intramuscular penicillin (Bicillin) plus 4
days of oral rifampin (Rifadin) is also effective.
Question:
The generic name for Dramamine is:
doxylamine.
diphenhydramine.
brompheniramine.
dimenhydrinate. Correct
Explanation:
The generic name of Dramamine is dimenhydrinate.
Question:
For empiric treatment of patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) who are allergic to
penicillin, the best alternative first-line therapy is:
azithromycin (Zithromax).
clarithromycin (Biaxin).
doxycycline (Vibramycin). Correct
metronidazole (Flagyl).
Explanation:
Doxycycline (100 mg orally twice daily or 200 mg orally daily) is a reasonable alternative for
first-line therapy and can be used in patients with penicillin allergy. A respiratory
fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin 500 mg orally or moxifloxacin 400 mg orally once daily) is
another alternative for penicillin-allergic patients. However, fluoroquinolones should be reserved
for those who have no alternative treatment options, because the serious adverse effects
associated with fluoroquinolones generally outweigh the benefits for patients with acute sinusitis.
Macrolides (clarithromycin or azithromycin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and second- or
third-generation cephalosporins are not recommended for empiric therapy because of high
resistance rates of S. pneumoniae.
Question:
Dosing of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for adults and adolescents with active influenza is administered
orally:
based on weight twice daily for 5 days.
75 mg daily x 5 days.
75 mg twice daily x 5 days. Correct
75 mg twice daily x 10 days.
Explanation:
Dosing of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for adults and adolescents with active influenza is 75 mg twice
daily for 5 days. No dosage adjustment is necessary in the morbidly obese patient. Prophylactic
dosing of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for adults and adolescents who have been exposed to influenza is
75 mg by mouth daily x 10 days.
Question:
The vasoconstrictive properties of alpha-1 agonist medications make them beneficial for the
treatment of:
benign prostatic hypertrophy.
closed-angle glaucoma.
sinus congestion. Correct
hypertension.
Explanation:
Because of their properties as vasoconstrictive agents, alpha-1 agonists are used to reduce edema
and inflammation within the sinus cavities. Alpha-1 agonist medications are also known as
decongestants. Common decongestant drugs include phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) and
oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal.
Question:
The use of oral acyclovir (Zovirax) in older adults is more likely to cause:
confusion and hallucinations. Correct
constipation and hypertension.
headache and peripheral edema.
increased liver enzyme activity.
Explanation:
Older adults are more likely to have renal or CNS adverse events when receiving acyclovir
(Zovirax). With respect to CNS adverse events observed during clinical practice, somnolence,
hallucinations, confusion, and coma are reported more frequently in older adults. The most
frequently reported side effects are malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Cardiovascular side effects have not been reported. Increased liver enzyme activity may occur
with parenteral administration.
Question:
Cephalosporins are classified as:
macrolides.
beta-lactam antibiotics. Correct
non beta-lactam antibiotics.
aminoglycosides.
Explanation:
Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs, grouped together based
upon a shared structural feature, the beta-lactam ring. Beta-lactam antibiotics include penicillins,
cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, and beta-lactamase inhibitors.
Question:
The onset of action of oxymetazoline (Afrin) is:
5 minutes.
10 minutes. Correct
30 minutes.
60 minutes.
Explanation:
Oxymetazoline (Afrin) has an onset of action of 10 minutes and a duration of action of 12 hours.
Oxymetazoline is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Indicated for
short-term temporary relief of nasal congestion. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for
longer than recommended. Overuse may cause rebound congestion. Recommended dosing is 2-3
sprays in each nostril every 10-12 hours as needed.
Question:
Erythromycin (Ilotycin) ophthalmic ointment is classified as a(n):
aminoglycoside.
macrolide. Correct
fluoroquinolone.
sulfonamides.
Explanation:
Erythromycin (Ilotycin) ophthalmic ointment is classified as a macrolide. Ofloxacin ophthalmic
is a fluoroquinolone. Gentamicin ophthalmic is an aminoglycoside. Sulfacetamide ophthalmic is
a sulfonamide.
Question:
A common side effect of amoxicillin in children is:
nausea.
joint pain.
abdominal pain. Correct
headache.
Explanation:
The most common side effects in children who take amoxicillin are abdominal pain or cramps,
black tarry stools, diarrhea, chest pain and bleeding gums. Hypersensitivity reactions are a major
problem with the use of penicillins such as amoxicillin (Amoxil). Symptoms of hypersensitivity
reactions include adverse reaction resulting in nausea, vomiting, pruritus, urticaria, wheezing,
laryngeal edema and ultimately, cardiovascular collapse.
Question:
The first-line antibiotic for acute otitis media in a child with a potential for beta-lactam resistance
is:
amoxicillin (Amoxil).
amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin). Correct
azithromycin (Zithromax).
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).
Explanation:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) is the first-line therapy for children with acute otitis media
who are treated with antibiotics and are at increased risk for beta-lactam resistance.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) may be useful in regions where pneumococcal
resistance to TMP-SMX is not a concern, but TMP-SMX should not be used if group A
Streptococcus (S. pyogenes) is suspected. While macrolide or lincosamide antibiotics may be
beneficial in patients with penicillin allergy, resistance is common and they may not be effective.
Question:
The ophthalmic preparation that is NOT available over the counter is:
hydroxypropyl cellulose (Lacrisert), a lubricant. Correct
propamidine (Brolene), an antimicrobial.
xylometazoline-antazoline (Otrivine-Antistin), an antihistamine.
sodium cromoglicate (Opticrom), a mast-cell stabilizer.
Explanation:
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (Lacrisert) is a prescription strength lubricant. Propamidine (Brolene)
an antimicrobial, xylometazoline-antazoline (Otrivine-Antistin), an antihistamine, and sodium
cromoglicate (Opticrom), a mast-cell stabilizer can all be purchased over-the-counter.
Question:
Refractory blepharitis is best treated with:
oral antibiotics. Correct
topical corticosteroid therapy.
antibiotic/steroid ophthalmic drops.
topical antibiotics.
Explanation:
Blepharitis that is unresponsive to topical antibiotics or corticosteroids alone may benefit from
oral antibiotic therapy. Blepharitis that involves the cornea with visual impairment should also be
treated with oral antibiotics. Tetracyclines are the drug of choice as they inhibit the lipase
production from Staphylococcus epidermidis strains that are known to cause blepharitis.
Question:
A serious adverse reaction to clindamycin (Cleocin) is:
esophageal ulcerations.
nephrotoxicity.
Clostridium difficile-related colitis. Correct
photosensitivity.
Explanation:
A serious adverse reaction to clindamycin (Cleocin) is diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-related
colitis. Nephrotoxicity has been seen with vancomycin (Vancocin). Doxycycline (Doryx) has
been associated with esophageal ulcerations and photosensitivity.
Question:
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph10) for the treatment of acute conjunctivitis?
Acute renal insufficiency Correct
Agranulocytosis
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Fulminate hepatic necrosis
Explanation:
Concerns related to adverse effects of sulfonamides, including ophthalmic preparations, include
blood dyscrasias (i.e. agranulocytosis), dermatologic reactions (i.e. toxic epidermal necrolysis)
and hepatic necrosis (i.e. fulminant hepatic necrosis). Acute renal insufficiency hasn't been
indicated as a potential adverse reaction.
Question:
The preferred class of oral antibiotic therapy for blepharitis with visual impairment is:
tetracyclines. Correct
macrolides.
quinolones.
penicillins.
Explanation:
The preferred class of antibiotics to treat blepharitis with visual impairment is tetracyclines.
Tetracyclines are the drug of choice as they inhibit the lipase production from Staphylococcus
epidermidis strains that are known to cause blepharitis.
Question:
Ocular steroids indicated for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis can be used in patients with:
ocular hypertension.
epithelial herpes simplex.
herpes zoster keratitis. Correct
open-angle glaucoma.
Explanation:
Ocular steroids indicated for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, such as dexamethasone
(Maxidex), are also indicated for treatment of herpes zoster keratitis. Ocular steroids are
contraindicated in patients with ocular hypertension, epithelial herpes simplex, and open-angle
glaucoma.
Question:
The brand name for meclizine is:
Antivert. Correct
Atarax.
Cyclivert.
Sominex.
Explanation:
The brand name for meclizine is Antivert. The generic name of Atarax is hydroxyzine; Cyclivert
is cyclizine; Sominex is diphenhydramine.
Question:
Oxymetazoline nasal spray, a nasal decongestant, is manufactured under the brand name:
Afrin. Correct
Astelin.
AsthmaNefrin.
Omnaris.
Explanation:
Oxymetazoline is a decongestant nasal spray manufactured under several brand names, including
Afrin, Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour Spray and Sinex. All are available over the counter. Azelastine
(Astelin) is a nasal antihistamine. AsthmaNefrin is an inhaled bronchodilator. Ciclesonide
(Omnaris) is a nasal corticosteroid [Show Less]