AGNP BOARD EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS – CARDIOVASCULAR PRESRIBING
(113 QAND A)
Question:
Signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity include:
... [Show More] constipation and muscle spasms.
bradycardia and tinnitus.
headache and dizziness.
blurred vision and persistent diarrhea. Correct
Explanation:
Signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity include: confusion, irregular pulse, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fast heart beat, and visual changes (blurred vision, blind spots, green-yellow color disturbances, halo effect). Regardless of route of administration, digoxin levels should be checked at 12-24 hours after the last dose. However, depending on the clinical situation, wait at least 6-8 hours after the last dose to check levels.
Question:
A side effect of beta-blockers that is more common in children than adults is:
decreased appetite.
muscle weakness.
vivid dreams.
a cough that produces mucus. Correct
Explanation:
Side effects of beta-blockers that are more common in children than adults may include a mucus-producing cough, difficulty breathing, or tightness in the chest. Beta-blockers are not recommended as initial therapy in children due to potential adverse outcomes including increased bronchial obstruction and airway reactivity in children with asthma.
Question:
Spironolactone (Aldactone) is highly protein bound and has a duration of:
6 hours.
12 hours.
24 hours.
48 hours. Correct
Explanation:
Spironolactone (Aldactone) is greater than 90% protein bound, has a half-life elimination of 1.4 hours and a duration of 48-72 hours. It is classified as an aldosterone receptor antagonist. This class blocks the effects of aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys.
Question:
Nonselective beta-blockers block the stimulation of:
beta-1 receptors in the heart.
beta-2 receptors in the lungs.
both beta-1 receptors in the heart and beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Correct
neither beta-1 receptors in the heart nor beta-2 receptors in the lungs.
Explanation:
Nonselective beta-blockers (i.e., propranolol [Inderal]) block the stimulation of both beta-1 receptors in the heart and beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Selective beta-blockers (i.e. metoprolol [Lopressor]) specifically block beta-1 receptors, but may also block beta-2 receptors at higher doses. Because they also block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, nonselective beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Show Less]